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Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles. Honors Biology I. Cell Organelles. Organelle= “little organ”. Not found in Animal cells Support structure Made of cellulose Plasmodesmata allow materials to pass from one cell to the next. Cell Walls. Found only in animals Formed from protein tubulin

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Cell Organelles

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  1. Cell Organelles Honors Biology I

  2. Cell Organelles • Organelle= “little organ”

  3. Not found in Animal cells Support structure Made of cellulose Plasmodesmata allow materials to pass from one cell to the next Cell Walls

  4. Found only in animals Formed from protein tubulin Found near nucleus in the centrosome Help organize cell division Centrioles

  5. “support and transport structure” Network of protein filaments 1. Microfilaments Thread-like Made of protein actin 2. Microtubules Hollow structures Made of protein tubulin Important during cell division when moving chromosomes Cytoskeleton

  6. Plasma Membrane • We have already covered this!

  7. Numerous hair-like extensions of the cell membrane Type of microtubule used for locomotion and aid in feeding Ex: respiratory cells Cilia

  8. Long whip-like extensions of the cell membrane Type of microtubule Used for locomotion Ex: sperm cells Flagella

  9. “control center” Contains DNA Nuclear envelope Composed of 2 membranes Contains nuclear pores that allow material to move in and out of nucleus Nucleus: Main Office

  10. Chromatin DNA bound to protein Condenses into chromosomes during cell division Nucleolus Produces ribosomes Cells normally contain a single nucleus Cells such as liver and muscle cells have more than one due to amount of organelles that need controlling

  11. Cytoplasm vs cytosol • All the stuff in between the organelles is cytosol • Everything in a cell except the nucleus is cytoplasm

  12. “machines” Makes proteins Consists of ribosomal RNA and protein Free Ribosomes Found in the cytosol Make proteins for use in that cell Attached Ribosomes Attached to rough ER Make proteins to be transported elsewhere or to be inserted in the membrane Ribosomes

  13. “conveyor belt” Consists of a series of membraneous tubules that connect to the nuclear envelope Rough ER has ribosomes and carries proteins throughout the cell Smooth ER does NOT have ribosomes and makes membrane lipids and detoxifies drugs Liver cells have large amounts of smooth ER Endoplasmic Reticulum

  14. Vesicles • Transport organelles • Endocytosis and exocytosis • Protein transport

  15. “mail room” Stack of membraneous sacks Receives proteins from the Rough ER and then modifies, sorts and packages them in vesicles for storage or transport Golgi Apparatus

  16. “storage” Sac-like membrane bound structures Store water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates etc. Plant cells have a large central Vacuole Pressure inside offers support to plant structures Animal cells have smaller vacuoles Vacuoles

  17. “solar power” Only found in Plant cells Double membrane Site where photosynthesis takes place Contains chlorophyll pigment that absorbs light Have their own DNA Chloroplasts

  18. “Powerhouse” Double membrane organelle outer membrane Inner membrane: contains folds called Cristae which increases surface area for cellular respiration to take place Convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use Mitochondria

  19. Inherited from your mom Contain their own DNA Numerous in muscle cells

  20. “clean up crew” Small organelles filled with enzymes Digests lipids, carbohydrates and proteins so that they can be used by the cell Get rid of “worn-out” organelles Lysosomes

  21. Lynn Margulis suggested that mitochodria and chloroplasts are descendants of prokaryotes Large prokaryotes consumed smaller prokaryote which developed a symbiotic relationship Evolution of first eukaryote Endosymbiotic Theory

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