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Explore Cell Organelles and Two Cell Types

Learn about the fascinating world of cell organelles and the two main cell types, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Discover the functions and structures of key organelles found in cells, such as the nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria, and more.

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Explore Cell Organelles and Two Cell Types

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  1. Cell Organelles

  2. Two cell types • Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic Cells) • Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic Cells)

  3. Prokaryotes - Bacteria • No Nucleus • No Membrane bound organelles.

  4. Eukaryotes Nucleus • Have a nucleus • Have membrane bound organelles

  5. Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells • Animal Cell • Plant Cell • Both cells function similarly

  6. Cell Organelles • Organelle = “little organs” • Specialized structures that perform specific jobs in the cell • Found only in eukaryotic cells • Many are “membrane-bound”(a membrane surrounds the organelle) • Cytoplasm: Everything in a cell except the nucleus

  7. Cell Membrane • Surrounds the cell and decides what comes in and out • Semi-permeable: allows nutrients in and waste products out • Also called Plasma Membrane

  8. Factory Part: • Gates or Doors • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells • Prokaryotic cells

  9. Nucleus • Control center of the cell • Stores DNA (chromosomes) • Surrounded by the nuclear membrane • Pores let material in and out • Also contains the Nucleolus, which makes ribosomes

  10. Factory Part: • Manager’s Office • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells

  11. Ribosome • Smallest organelle • NOT surrounded by a membrane • Makes proteins according to DNA instructions.

  12. Factory Part: • Machines • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells • Prokaryotic cells

  13. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Transport system for materials in cell membrane Two Types: • Rough ER: covered with ribosomes; site of protein synthesis • Smooth ER: NO ribosomes; it makes hormones & lipids

  14. Factory Part: • Conveyor Belts • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells

  15. Golgi Apparatus • Delivery system of the cell • Collects, modifies, and packages molecules in the cell • Distributes and transports molecules in vesicles

  16. Factory Part: • Post office or Mail Room • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells

  17. Lysosomes • Trash Disposal of the cell • Contain digestive enzymes that break down waste

  18. Factory Part: • Janitors • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells

  19. Mitochondria • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Site of cellular respiration • Convertsenergy stored in food into energy the cell needs – ATP

  20. Factory Part: • Power Plant / Electrical Room • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells

  21. Chloroplast • Found only in plant cells and algae • Contains green pigment, chlorophyll • Changes sunlight (solar energy) into food like glucose (chemical energy)

  22. Factory Part: • Solar Powered Energy Panels • Found in: • Plant cells

  23. Cell Wall • Rigid, protective barrier (maintains cell shape) • Found in plant and bacterial cells • Located outside of the cell membrane • Made of cellulose (Carbohydrate fiber)

  24. Factory Part: • Factory Gates • Found in: • Plant cells • Some Prokaryote cells

  25. Vacuoles • Large central vacuole usually in plant cells • Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells • Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, etc • Supports cell shape in plants

  26. Factory Part: • Storage room • Found in: • Plant cells • Animal cells (smaller)

  27. Exit Ticket Write each question and answer correctly. • Which organelle is the control center of the cell? • Which organelle holds the cell together? • Which organelles are not found in animal cells? • Which organelle helps plant cells make food? • What does E.R. stand for?

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