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Impact of Sedimentation on Agriculture and Land Reclamation in the Ethiopian Highlands

Sedimentation in the Ethiopian Plateau is primarily caused by soil erosion, with estimates ranging from 40 to 300 million tons per year. Increasing vegetative cover in the highlands can significantly reduce soil erosion, leading to improved water quality downstream. However, sediment-free water arriving at Aswan has resulted in decreased fertility for agricultural lands and surface subsidence in the Nile Delta. In response, various major land reclamation projects, including the Nubaria and Nasr canals, have been implemented to mitigate these issues and enhance agricultural productivity.

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Impact of Sedimentation on Agriculture and Land Reclamation in the Ethiopian Highlands

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  1. Sediments Upstream HAD • Most sediments are the product of soil erosion in the Ethiopian Plateau. • Increase of vegetative cover in the Ethiopian highlands will reduce soil erosion. • Amount of sediments 40-300 million ton per year. • Difference ia related to repeated high flows or low flows.

  2. Sediments Upstream HAD (cont’d) • Maximum sedimentation 400km south of HAD. • Sediments can be used as soil stabilizer, production of bricks, ceramics and porcelain. • Sediment free water downstream Aswan caused agricultural lands to be less fertile. • Sediment free water caused surface subsidence (lower elevation) in the Nile Delta.

  3. Major Land Reclamation Projects • Nubaria Canal, Nasr Canal, Mariout Canal, Bahieg Canal, Hammam Canal (West Delta). • Salam Canal East and West (Sinai Peninsula) (East Delta) • East Owainat (Groundwater) • Toshka Project. • Wadies (Nokra, Saaida, Kobbania, Lakita and Kom ombo)

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