Advances in Light Sources and Particle Acceleration Technologies: Overview from LINAC12

1. Overview of the LINAC12 conference Alexander Gerbershagen and Jürgen Pfingstner 19th of September 2012

2. 5. Light sources

3. Overview of Light sources • Rings: • 1st generation light sources: SR just byproduct • 2nd generation light sources: dedicated rings to create SR • 3rd generation light sources: strong use of undulators • 4th gen. light sources: Everything that exceeds performance of 3rd gen. • LINAC: • FEL (undulator): Emission • SASE-FEL (microbunching): • Emission • Recent and future activities: • Laser-seeded FEL (FERMI@electra) • XFEL oscillators • Energy recovery linacs (ERL) • Use of RF-cavities as undulators

4. Overview of light sources cont. (TU2A01)

5. Applications of synchrotron light • Medical applications: to cut tissue • Military applications: anti aircraft and missile system • Surface processing and machining • Diffraction imaging: • already several Nobel prices • using FELs

6. Status of LCLS and the European Light Source (TU2A03, MO1A02) • European XFEL: • DESY • Will surpass the performance of LCLS: 0.05-6nm light • Successor of FLASH • SASE-FEL • Also X-FELO in discussion • Currently under construction • Three undulator systems • Start of commissioning summer 2015 • LCLS: • SLAC • Most powerful FEL currently • Hard X-rays: 0.15-15nm • Upgrade of LCLS to LCLS-II • 2 new beams to increase the number of users served • also improved performance (1fs pulse length, wider X-ray range) • Planed start of operation 2019

7. X-ray FEL Oscillator (XFELO, TU2A02) • Average Brightness very high • Not realised yet • R&D issues are components as mirrors that can work in the X-ray regime • XFELO can be build shorter than SASE-FELs • The temporal coherence is much better • e-beam charge can be lower and bunch length longer, CW

8. Linac-based laser Compton scattering X-ray and gamma-ray sources (WE1A05) • Use the scattering of laser photons with and electron beam from an linac to create X-ray photons • Not as short wavelengths as modern FELs, but much more compact and portable. • With the changing of the properties of the electron beam and the laser, the properties of the scattered photons can be changed, e.g. polarization.

9. ERL-based light source challenges (WE1A01) • Discussion about future challenges • Some designs shown • Can also be combined with X-FELO • Principle can also be used for Lepton-Hadron colliders (eRHIC and LHeC)

10. High-field short-period microwave undulators (WE2A03) • The wavelength of an FEL with undulator is given by: • With permanent magnet cannot be reduced very much anymore. • Use instead of alternating magnetic field an RF cavity • RF undulator requires very high EM fields which causes many problems for the design of the cavity • A cavity design was shown

11. 6. Proton and Ion accelerators

12. Overview of Activities (MO1A01, TU1A02, FR1A03, …) • High intensity proton and ion beams: intensity frontier research • Project X (Fermilab) • MW proton beam that will be used for different exper. • Neutrino physics, physics of rare processes , nuclear studies • SAREF (Soreq, Israel) • Adjoined to Soreq Nuclear Research Center (SNRC) • Fast neutron source • Enrich uranium and transmutation of long- lived radioactive waste • Radioactive ion beams: nuclear research, comparable to ISOLDE • Californium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) at ANL ATLAS facility

13. 7. Other new developments

14. Injection schemes for plasma wakefield acceleration (MO2A01) • Scheme a: Self injection • Works in Bubble regime • Black: electron evacuation • Yellow: electron accumulation • Some of the electrons get trapped and accelerated • Scheme b: Colliding laser pulses • Less non-linear wake than Bubble regime • An injection laser pulse collides with the drive pulse and creates beatwave. • Electrons are pre-accelerated and some are trapped and accelerated • Properties of electron beam can be varied by laser beams

15. Advances in Photonic and Metamaterial RF-structures (TU3A02) • Photonic band gap structures support only very narrow frequency band • HOM are strongly reduced • Acceleration gradients up to 100 MV/m, Q > 109 • In research • Metamaterial RF-structure • Periodic structure with conductors worked in • Creates ε < 0 and μ < 0 • Different EM properties than in nature • Planed to be used for wakefield reduction in structures and for couplers

16. Acceleration/Deceleration of slow neutrons (MO3A04) • Measurement of neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) could reveal physics beyond the standard model • High intensity neutron beams needed • Problem: Energy spread of ultra cold neutrons (UCN) expands beam • Re-bunching was demonstrated, where fast neutrons were decelerated and slow ones accelerated • Energy of neutrons is changed by flipping magnetic dipole spin with RF wave in static magnetic field.

17. Electron beam current-profile shaping via transverse-to-longitudinal phase-space exchange (TU3A04) • Using double dog leg to exchange transversal and long. phase space • By shaping transverse profile with filter, many different long profiles can be created. • Applications: bunching for FELs and triangular shape for wakefield acceleration.

18. Thanks for the attention!