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Diversity Unit Introduction

Diversity Unit Introduction. SBI 3UO. HIERARCHIAL SPECIES CLASSIFICATION . Increasing level of specificity RANK : level in the hierarchy TAXON : names of the levels TAXONOMY : the use of taxons to classify species. HIERARCHIAL SPECIES CLASSIFICATION. Domains Kingdoms Phyla Classes

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Diversity Unit Introduction

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  1. Diversity Unit Introduction SBI 3UO

  2. HIERARCHIAL SPECIES CLASSIFICATION Increasing level of specificity RANK: level in the hierarchy TAXON: names of the levels TAXONOMY: the use of taxons to classify species

  3. HIERARCHIAL SPECIES CLASSIFICATION Domains Kingdoms Phyla Classes Orders Families Genera Species

  4. Classification of Lions Panthera leo Kingdom: Animalia (animals) Phylum: Chordata (vertebrate animals) Class: Mammalia (mammals) Order: Carnivora (meat eaters) Family: Felidae (ll cats) Genus: Panthera (great cats) Species: leo (lions)

  5. Species • represent one type of organism, such as dog, tiger shark, Ameoba proteus (the common amoeba), Homo sapiens (us), or Acer palmatum (Japanese maple) • Species are identified by two names (binomial nomenclature) • The first name is the genus (capitalized), the second is the species • Species names are underlined if written by hand or in italics if typed

  6. IDENTIFYING SPECIES • Three concepts for ways to define a species • No consensus on definition • 1) Morphological • 2) Biological • 3) Phylogenetic

  7. 1) MORPHOLOGICAL: • Physical descriptions and measurements • ADVANTAGE: simple • DISADVANTAGE: difficult to distinguish bw variations within a species and bw species

  8. 2) BIOLOGICAL • Ability to produce fertile offspring • ADVANTAGE: Testable for existing species • DISADVANTAGE: Not testable for extinct or asexual species

  9. 3) PHYLOGENETIC: • Evolutionary relationship, DNA • ADVANTAGE: living or extinct species • DISADVANTAGE: not all evolutionary histories are known

  10. TWO TYPES OF CELLS • All living things are made of cells: • TWO TYPES: 1) Prokaryotic cells (“lacks nucleus”, ancient) • Ex: Bacterial cells 2) Eukaryotic cells (“true nucleus”, more advanced) • Ex: Animal cells and plant cells

  11. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

  12. PROKARYOTIC CELLS First type of cell on Earth! NO nucleus (DNA is floating around) NO mitochondria NO chloroplast (or any membrane-bound organelle) Smaller in size Small piece of DNA (1 chromo) ALL bacterial cells are prokaryotic

  13. DOMAINS 1) Archaea (prokaryotic cells) 2) Bacteria (prokaryotic cells) 3) Eukarya(eukaryotic cells)

  14. The 6 Kingdoms 1. Plants 2. Animals 3. Protists 4. Fungi 5. Eubacteria 6. Archaebacteria

  15. How are organisms organised into kingdoms? • Cell type, complex or simple • Their ability to make food • The number of cells in their body

  16. Archaebacteria • discovered in 1983 in a spot deep in the Pacific Ocean where hot gases and molten rock boiled into the ocean from the Earth’s interior • they are unicellular(one cell)organisms • found in extreme environments such as very high temperatures, no oxygen, or in highly acidic environments Pyrococcus CH1,discovered thriving on a mid-Atlantic ridge within a temperature range of 80 to 105°C an

  17. Eubacteria • complex and single celled • most common bacteria • are classified in their own kingdom because their chemical makeup is different Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep throat is a common disease in children ) Staphylococcus aureus (found in the nose)

  18. Fungi • Mushrooms, mold and mildew • Most fungi are multicellular andconsist of many complex cells

  19. Protista • slime molds and algae • include all microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, notanimals, not plants and notfungi • most are unicellular • they are not classified in the Archaebacteria or Eubacteria kingdom because, unlike bacteria, protists are complex cells

  20. Plantae • Plants are multicellular • most don't move, although gametes of some plants move using cilia or flagella • organelles including nucleus, chloroplasts are present, and cell walls are present • nutrients are acquired by photosynthesis they are autotrophs

  21. Animalia • Animals are multicellular • they move with the aid of cilia, flagella, or muscular organs based on contractile proteins. • they have organelles including a nucleus, but no chloroplasts or cell walls. • animals acquire nutrients by ingestion  they are heterotrophs

  22. Cyber Field Trip Student ActivityTaxonomic Fun: Classifying the Life Around Us: http://www.pbs.org/safarchive/5_cool/galapagos/g42_tax.html

  23. Galapagos Islands Case Study • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7881175.stm

  24. REVIEW • All living things are made of cells • Prok (no memb) and Euk • 3 Domains: • 1) Archaea (prok): extremophiles, primitive • 2) Bacteria(prok): evolved more recently • 3) Eukarya (euk): more recent organisms • Bacteria are classified by shape and structure: • Structure: Gram +/- • Shape: Bacillus, coccus, spirilla, cilia, flagella, pseudopods • 6 Kingdoms: • Archaea/Bacteria/Protista/Fungi/Plantae/Animalia

  25. Homework • Read pgs. 10-30, make notes, anwer questions #1-8, pg. 16, #1-8, pg. 23, and #1-8, pg. 30 • Page 25-26: See Figure 1.14 & 1.15 • Page 29: Copy Table 1.5 (auto/heterotrophs)

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