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Understanding Interpersonal Communication: Interview Techniques and Perceptual Influences

This presentation explores the dynamics of interpersonal communication during interviews, focusing on various approaches such as directive and nondirective methods. It examines the importance of self-perception, cultural influences, and how they shape interactions. The presentation also delves into levels of communication, feedback mechanisms, and listening styles crucial for effective dialogue. Understanding these elements can enhance interview effectiveness and foster deeper connections, making it essential for professionals and students in communication fields.

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Understanding Interpersonal Communication: Interview Techniques and Perceptual Influences

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  1. Ch. 2: An Interpersonal Communication Process

  2. Interchanging Roles • Directive Approach • The interviewer establishes the purpose of the interview and attempts to control the pacing, climate, formality, and drift of the interview • Nondirective Approach • Interviewee(s) have significant control over the subject matter, length of answers, climate and formality. • Combination Approaches All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  3. Interpersonal Communcation R E E R All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  4. Perceptions • Perceptions of Self • Self-concept • Self-esteem • Perceptions of the Other Party • Cultural Differences • Perceptions of the other party’s age, sex, race, etc. • Perceptions may (and perhaps should ) change as the interview progresses All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  5. Communication Interactions • Levels of Interaction • Level 1: relatively safe and nonthreatening (facts and figures about life) • Level 2: personal, controversial or threatening topics about beliefs, attitudes, values and positions. • Level 3: intimate and controversial areas of life—responses include full disclosure of feelings, beliefs, etc. All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  6. Communication Interactions • Sex, Culture and Interaction • Sex: women tend to disclose more than men and are allowed to express emotions more openly (with the exception of anger) • Culture: cultures vary in how, when and to whom self-disclosure is appropriate • “Politeness Theory” holds that all persons want to be appreciated and protected All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  7. Communication Interactions • Verbal Interactions • Words are imperfect and often lead to miscommunication as much as they may communicate • I.E., Multiple Meanings, Ambiguities, Sound Alikes, Connotations, Jargon, Slang, Euphemisms, Naming/Labeling, Word Order, Power Words, Regional Differences, Gender and Global Differences All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  8. Communication Interactions • Nonverbal Interactions • Up to two-thirds of meaning is conveyed in nonverbal communications (facial expression, body posture, gestures, etc.) All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  9. Feedback • Feedback verifies what is being communicated and how well it is being communicated. • Communicated verbally and nonverbally All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  10. Listening Styles • Listening for Comprehension • Receiving, understanding and remembering the message as accurately and completely as possible • Listening for Empathy • Communicating genuine concern, understanding and involvement with the person’s subjective frame of reference. All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  11. Listening Styles • Listening for Evaluation • “Critical Listening”: Judging what you hear and observe • Listening for Resolution • Dialogic Listening: focus on “ours” rather than “mine” or “yours”—appropriate for problem-solving interviews where the purpose is joint resolution All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  12. The Interview Situation • Surroundings (atmosphere, climate, noise, presence of others/privacy) • Time (time of day, week, year) • Place (on whose “turf”) • Proximity and Setting (arrangement, comfort) All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

  13. Outside Forces • Family, associates, friends, etc. may influence the progression of the interview • No one comes to the interview from a vacuum—we bring our lives with us. All slides based on Interviewing: Principles and Practices, by Charles J.Stewart and William B. Cash, Jr. (2008)

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