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Introduction to Computers

Lesson 1A Introduction to Computers Definition of a Computer A computer is an electronic device used to process data, converting the data into information that is useful to people Computers Consist of Four Parts Hardware Software Users Data Click to Enlarge Hardware

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Introduction to Computers

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  1. Lesson 1A Introduction to Computers

  2. Definition of a Computer • A computer is an electronic device used to process data, converting the data into information that is useful to people

  3. Computers Consist of Four Parts • Hardware • Software • Users • Data Click to Enlarge

  4. Hardware • Mechanical devices that make up the computer

  5. Hardware

  6. Processing • The procedure that transforms raw data into useful information is called processing • The processor and memory perform this transformation

  7. Processor • The computer’s brain, which organizes and carries out instructions from either the user or the software

  8. Motherboard • Rigid rectangular card containing the circuitry that connects the processor to the other hardware

  9. Circuit board • Motherboard is an example of a circuit board • Attached to the motherboard are many smaller circuit boards that house many internal devices

  10. Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Refers to a computer’s processor

  11. Memory • When you launch a program, it is loaded into and run from memory

  12. Random Access Memory (RAM) • Determines a computer’s speed and power

  13. Memory Measurements • Kilobyte (KB) • Megabyte (MB) • Gigabyte (GB) • Terabyte (TB)

  14. Input Devices • Accept data and instructions from the user or from another computer system

  15. Most Common Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse

  16. Output Devices • Return processed data to the user or to another computer system

  17. Most Common Output Devices • Monitor • Printer

  18. Storage • Holds data permanently

  19. Storage Terms • Magnetic disk • Read/write heads • Disk drive • Hard disk or hard drive • Diskette drive • Diskettes or floppy disks

  20. Storage Terms Continued • CD-ROM drive • Compact disks (CDs) • Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) • CD-Recordable (CD-R) • CD-ReWritable (CD-RW) • Digital Video Disk (DVD)

  21. Software • A set of electronic instructions consisting of complex codes, or programs, that make the computer perform tasks

  22. Examples of Software • System software • Application software

  23. Five Computer Categories • Supercomputers • Mainframe computers • Minicomputers • Workstations • Microcomputers, or personal computers

  24. The Internet Started Out As ARPANET • In 1969, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense created the Internet when it connected the computers at universities and defense contractors. This system was called ARPANET.

  25. The Internet Today • The Internet today is a cooperative community of over 100 million computer users connected worldwide.

  26. World Wide Web • Accessed through the Internet, the World Wide Web lets users view specially formatted documents

  27. Web Browsers • A Web browser is computer software that lets you navigate the Web • First you connect to the Internet, then you launch the browser, then you view Web pages

  28. URL’s • Every Web page has a unique address, called a uniform resource locator, or URL (pronounced as spelled: U-R-L)

  29. Hyperlinks • A hyperlink is a part of the Web page that is linked to a URL

  30. Web Search Tools • Directories • Search Engines • Metasearch engines • Site-specific search tools

  31. Lesson 1A • Introduction to Computers and the Internet

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