The Evolution of Electricity: From Ancient Discoveries to Modern Impact

1. HeeJoong Kim Sunghun Jun Saebom Kim Seung Jae You Electricity – History and Affection

2. Definition of Electricity • Electricity is the movement of electrons between the atoms that are either positively or negatively charged. • An atom that loses electrons has positive charge • An atom that gains electrons have negative charge • Also defined as a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge

3. Discovery of Electricity • Thales of Miletus (630-550 BC) • The first to acknowledge that the amber stone when rubbed produces an attraction force over some object • William Gilbert (17th century) • Studied phenomena of electricity and magnetism, and distinguished between the electric effect of amber and magnetic effect of lodestone • Gave name ‘electricus’ to the phenomena of attraction shown by amber • Rise to the modern word of electricity

4. Cont. • Benjamin Franklin (18th century) • Known as the father of electricity • Kite experiment • Performed experiment of flying a kite during a thunderstorm • Discovered that lightning and electricity were somehow related

5. Cont. • Alessandro Volta • Constructed the first device to produce a steady electricity, voltaic pile (electric battery). • Positive and negative charged connectors created transmission of electricity. • Michael Faraday • Created the electric dynamo, a precursor of modern power generators • Opened the door to the new era of electricity

6. Nikola Tesla • Developed the first actual power system • Developed florescent lights and publically used it prior to Ericson’s invention of the incandescent light

7. Types of Electricity • Static Electricity • A condition that exists when electrons are displaced and remain • Usually result of friction, such as lightning bulb • Current Electricity • A constant flow of electrons from atom to atom

8. Life Before Electricity • Historic View • Perceived electricity as the power of the Gods • Ex: Certain species of eels and rays, possess the defensive power to generate electric shocks and ancient people thought these shocks could cure headache or gout. • They did not, however, use the term ‘electricity’ for what they were experiencing.

9. Cont. • Housing System • Enlighten rooms with kerosene lamps instead of stands or incandescent lights, and heated up the rooms with wood or coal stoves instead of electric heater. • Transportation • Transportations such as car and train could not be produced due to lack of electricity. • People had to travel by walk or carriage.

10. Cont. • Telecommunication • Used smoke or fire to deliver urgent news or location • Economy • Raised horses and cows for economic activity • Increased traveling time by riding carriage or horse • Poor quality of life with lack of technology and electricity

11. Types of Electricity Production • Thermoelectric Power Generator • Hydroelectric Power Generation • Nuclear Power Plants

12. Thermoelectric Power Generator • Power plant gather to heat up water • Vapors water • The water goes into a big tube that travels to turbine • Spins a magnet inside the generator to make electric force

13. Hydroelectric Power Generation • Generated by the force of falling water • Water flows through a dam and turns a turbine, which turns a generator • Turbines contain metal coils surrounded by magnets that spin over the metal coils, which produces electricity

14. Nuclear Power Plants

15. Cont. • Steam power plant that is fueled by a radioactive element such as uranium. • The fuel is placed in a reactor and the individual atoms are allowed to split apart. • The splitting process releases great amounts of energy that is used to heat water until it turns to steam. • The mechanics of a steam power plant take over that it pushes on turbines, which force coils of wire to interact with a magnetic field to produce an electricity

16. Impact on the Society • Entertainment • Enable us to watch television, listen radio and music, and use electric devices such as cell phone and personal computer • Comfort • Help housework with washing machine, vacuum cleaner, microwave, etc. • Enable us to read or work at night as bright as noon time

17. Cont. • Information System • Usage of cell phone or internet with electricity base enable us to get new information faster than any other time • Ex: Stock market, international telephone service • Medical Service • Enable us to use x-ray, CT scan, MRI, CPR device etc. • Provide better surgery with modern technology

18. Cont. • Sewage Treatment • Remove contaminants from wastewaters and household sewage with chemical, biological and physical methods based on electricity usage • Industrialization • Promoted heavy industries and massive production • Decreased time cost and labor forces with developed technology and electricity

19. Usage of Electricity • Sound • The electrical interaction will create a force that move electrons in and out together, which creates a sound wave • Speed of moving in and out is the frequency of the sound, or pitch, and the amount of the cone movement is the amplitude of the sound, or volume • Ex: Speaker

20. Cont. • Light • Electrical energy into the metal flows into the circuit such as light bulb • In circuit, amount energy was delivered these electrons pass along the filament • Heat • The resistance of electrons flowing through conductors produce heat energy • Ex: Electric stove, electric pad, iron

21. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity • http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_discovered_electricity • http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter02.html • http://www.scienceandinventions.com/2010/06/20/who-discovered-electricity/ • http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/miscon/curstat.htmlc • http://learningscience.org/psc1clightheatelectricitymagnetism.htm • http://www.geography-site.co.uk/pages/environ/electricity.html

22. Cont. • http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4621693_electricity-light-up-bulb.html. • http://library.thinkquest.org/5217/produce.htm • http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2005/07/68074?currentPage=all • http://riversfromeden.wordpress.com/2011/08/18/electricity-in-the-ancient-world/ • http://www.duke-energy.com/about-energy/generating-electricity/nuclear-how.asp • http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/hydropower-plant1.htm