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General Biology II Lab

General Biology II Lab. Bacteria, Protists , Fungi. Taxonomy. Taxonomy is changing DNA technology is showing relationships previously not known You will hear the term “clade” – what does that mean? Clade – any taxon that consists of all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor

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General Biology II Lab

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  1. General Biology II Lab Bacteria, Protists, Fungi

  2. Taxonomy • Taxonomy is changing • DNA technology is showing relationships previously not known • You will hear the term “clade” – what does that mean? • Clade – any taxon that consists of all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor • Identified by picking any point on a phylogenetic tree and tracing all the descendant lineages

  3. Taxonomy • Binomial Nomenclature, Scientific Name • Genus species or Genusspecies • Genus is capitalized, species is lowercase • Italicized or underlined • Homo sapiens Homosapiens • Tursiops truncatus Tursiopstruncatus • Callinectes sapidus Callinectessapidus

  4. The Domains • Domain Bacteria – unicellular prokaryotes • Bacteria • Cyanobacteria • Domain Archaea – unicellular prokaryotes • Includes “extremophiles” • Domain Eukarya – eukaryotes • Kingdom Protista • Kingdom Fungi • Kingdom Plantae • Kingdom Animalia

  5. Yes, you will HAVE to use the Microscope! • Tips: • Start on Scanning objective, look for color • Center and focus • Move to the 10x objective • Center and focus • Move to the 40x objective • Center and focus • If necessary, move to oil immersion • Place drop of oil on slide and move oil lens into the oil • DO NOT get oil on any of the other lenses • Be sure to WIPE oil off of lens when done!!!!! (with lens paper!)

  6. Domain BacteriaBacteria • Shapes • Spirillum • Coccus • Bacillus

  7. Domain BacteriaCyanobacteria • Gleocapsa • Oscillatoria • Anabaena

  8. Domain EukaryaKingdom Protista - changing Common name • Protozoa – heterotrophic, “animal-like” • Algae – autotrophic Groups: • Excavata – Giardia, Trichomonas, Euglena, Trypanosoma • Alveolates – dinoflagellates, apicomplexans (plasmodium), ciliates (paramecium) • Stramenophiles – oomycetes, diatoms, brown algae • Rhodophytes – red algae • Chlorophytes – green algae • Rhizaria – foraminiferans, radiolarians • Amoebozoans – plasmodial slime molds, Amoeba

  9. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaProtozoa • Amoeba proteus – move by pseudopodia

  10. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaProtozoa • Radiolarians

  11. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaProtozoans • Globigerina

  12. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaProtozoans • Ciliates • Paramecium • Stentor • Vorticella

  13. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaProtozoans • Trypanosoma • Trichomonas Red blood cells

  14. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaProtozoans • Plasmodium – no means of locomotion • Look for it inside red blood cell

  15. DOMAIN EUKARYAKINGDOM PROTISTAALGAE • Microscopic algae • Phytoplankton • Macroscopic algae • “seaweed”

  16. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaAlgae • Green Algae • Microscopic • Spirogyra • Look for green spirals • Volvox • Macroscopic

  17. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaAlgae • Euglena – photosynthetic flagellate • Look for flagella and chloroplasts, can be mistaken for paramecium

  18. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaAlgae • Diatoms Electron Microscope picture

  19. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaAlgae • Dinoflagellates • Ceratium

  20. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaAlgae • Brown Algae • Macroscopic examples • Sargassum • Fucus

  21. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaAlgae • Red Algae • Macroscopic examples

  22. Domain EukaryaKingdom ProtistaSlime molds • Slime Molds • Plasmodial slime molds • Physarum

  23. Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi

  24. Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi • Phylum Zygomycota – black bread molds • Rhizopus – under the microscope

  25. Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi • Phylum Ascomycota

  26. Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi • Phylum Ascomycota – under the microscope • Saccharomyces - yeast • Penicillium • Aspergillus • Peziza Cross section of cup seen on previous slide

  27. Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi • Phylum Basidiomycota • What we think of when we say “mushrooms”

  28. Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi • Phylum Basidiomycota – under the microscope • Coprina

  29. Make Notecards!!!!! • On one side write: • Domain • Kingdom • Group • Genus • Characteristics • Know what is prokaryotic and what is eukaryotic! • On the other side: • Picture of the organism • On Handout • Domain is capitalized • Group is in bold print • Genus is underlined (# is the slide #)

  30. Images from: • microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Spirillum • www.life.umd.edu/CBMG/faculty/asmith/smith2.html • commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bacillus_subt... • www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/.../labels/print/PL0013/ • botit.botany.wisc.edu/.../Oscillatoria_MC.html • fnie-educationalmedia.pbwiki.com/Cyanobacteria • faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/.../protists.htm • bio1903.nicerweb.com/.../lab/diversity/protista/ • https:/.../qry_media_id.php?media_id=2340 • www.mccc.edu/%7Esmithro/Prokaryotes%20and%20P... • www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/.../wdstentor2.html • http://www.biology-resources.com/drawing-paramecium-vorticella.html • io.uwinnipeg.ca/.../16cm05/1116/16protis.htm • Noaa.gov • www.bioweb.uncc.edu/.../labpics/lab1pics.htm • workforce.cup.edu/buckelew/Plasmodium%20vivax... • http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/aM._conica_tjv.jpg • http://www.gltech.org/library/htmlaps/scannell/images/conica.jpg • www.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/.../page18/page18.html

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