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MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION

MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION. Invasion Appeared suddenly in 1223, attacked in south then disappeared Reappeared in 1237, attacking Riazan from north Sacked Kiev in 1240 1237-1242: Under Batu Khan, ravaged all Russian lands. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION.

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MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION

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  1. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION

  2. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Invasion • Appeared suddenly in 1223, attacked in south then disappeared • Reappeared in 1237, attacking Riazan from north • Sacked Kiev in 1240 • 1237-1242: Under Batu Khan, ravaged all Russian lands

  3. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Who were the Mongols? • Mostly Tatars from Central Asia • Consolidate empire & expanded under Chingis Khan • Sacked Kiev in 1240 • 1237-1242: Under Batu Khan, ravaged all Russian lands

  4. Batu Khan – AKA Tsar Batu – grandson of Ghengis Khan • Ruler of the Golden Horde (Western Asia & European branches of the Mongol Empire)- 1235 He was given an army of 135,000 and told to forge a Mongol Empire in the West. • In 1237 Batu Khan made it to Vladimir (city) and demanded the allegiance of then Grand Prince Yuri II. He refused. • Batu Khan totally annihilated Ryazan, Vladimir, Kolomna and Moscow. • Batu Khan burned all of the villages down – killed the Royal Family by burning the city around them. Batu Khan on Kievan Throne

  5. Yuri II escaped to muster an army – his army was crushed by the Mongols on the Sit River. After the death of the entire Royal Family and the Grand Prince, Batu Khan divided his army into 7 smaller units and ordered them to destroy Rus. What happened next was a lot of ‘sacking’ as depicted by artwork from the era.

  6. Sacking Rayzan – Not a single male was left breathing.

  7. Sacking of Kiev – Bow or die – Majority of population is subjugatedto the Mongol Empire.

  8. Sacking of Kozelsk – Burnt to the ground

  9. Sacking of Suzdal – Burnt to the ground

  10. Sacking of Vladimir – Completely destroyed

  11. In total, Batu Khan’s army completely destroyed and/or subjugated 14 Kievan Cities in a six month span:Rostov, Uglich, Yaroslav, Kostroma, Kashin, Ksnyatin, Gorodets, Halych, Pereslav, Yuriev, Dmitrov, Volokolamsk, Tver and Torzhok Only three major Kievan Cities avoided being destroyed: Smolensk, Novgorod and Pskov.

  12. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Russia under Mongol Rule • Mongol overlordship • Russian princes invested by Khan, paid tribute • Appanage period • Individual territorial rule • Rise to prominence of: • Galicia & Volynia (southeast) • Rostov, Suzdal, Vladimir (northeast) • Novgorod (north)

  13. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Russia under Mongol Rule • Population shift • moved west & northeast • linguistic/ethnic differentiation • Russian • Ukrainian • Belorussian

  14. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Russia under Mongol Rule • Internal division & weakness • External aggression & conquest • west & southwest fell to Lithuanians, then Poles • north subject to German (Teutonic), Swedish, Norwegian, Lithuanian attacks • Relative isolation & loss of international importance

  15. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Social Structure • Continuity & change • Princes • Clergy & Boyars: now with votchina • Freeservants (liudi) • Traders, merchants, artisans • Peasants • Slaves (kholopy)

  16. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture • Mongols interfered little with Russian life • But many consider it dark period • education/literacy declined • decline of towns meant urban culture deteriorated • poverty & political disunity • Some advancements & achievements occurred despite difficulties

  17. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture • Literature • Written works diminished • Oral tradition continued, but not on same level as Kievan

  18. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture • Art • Icon painting flourished & developed • Andrei Rublev (@1370-1430) Archangel Michael - Rublev The Trinity - Rublev The Redeemer - Rublev

  19. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture • Art • Icon painting flourished & developed • Andrei Rublev (@1370-1430) • Theophanes (late 14th – early 15th c.) Our Lady of the Don - Theophanes The Dormition - Theophanes

  20. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture • Art • Icon painting flourished & developed • Andrei Rublev (c. 1370-1430) • Theophanes (late 14th – early 15th c.) • Dionysius (c. 1440-1502) The Crucifixion - Dionysius John the Baptist - Dionysius

  21. MONGOL INVASION & DOMINATION Culture • Architecture • Considered one of glories of period • Most structures made of wood

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