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The Vikings

Early Explorers of Canada. The Vikings. Learning intentions. In this lesson you will Learn about the Vikings as a society Understand their reasons for exploration Practice your mapping skills while learning important Viking locations. Important Vocabulary. Saga Colonize Artifact Ambush

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The Vikings

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  1. Early Explorers of Canada The Vikings

  2. Learning intentions • In this lesson you will • Learn about the Vikings as a society • Understand their reasons for exploration • Practice your mapping skills while learning important Viking locations.

  3. Important Vocabulary • Saga • Colonize • Artifact • Ambush • L’Anse aux Meadows • A story of adventure • Lay claim to or to populate • Historical object • lie in wait to attack • Viking colony in Newfoundland

  4. Important People • Lief Eriksson: Explorer and settler of L’Anse aux Meadows • ThorfinnKarlsefni: explorer who circa 1010 AD led an attempt to settle Vínland with three ships and 160 settlers. His son was the first European born in North America • FreydisErisdottir: Her major part in the story is intervening in a battle between the Norse and the native Skrælingjar. The natives are mounting an attack and have driven the Norse into a retreat. • Freydis came out and saw how they were retreating. She called out, "Why run you away from such worthless creatures, stout men that ye are, when, as seems to me likely, you might slaughter them like so many cattle? Let me but have a weapon, I think I could fight better than any of you." They gave no heed to what she said. Freydisendeavoured to accompany them, still she soon lagged behind, because she was not well [pregnant]; she went after them into the wood, and the Skrælingar directed their pursuit after her. She came upon a dead man; Thorbrand, Snorri's son, with a flat stone fixed in his head; his sword lay beside him, so she took it up and prepared to defend herself therewith. Then came the Skrælingar upon her. She let down her sark and struck her breast with the naked sword. At this they were frightened, rushed off to their boats, and fled away. Karlsefni and the rest came up to her and praised her zeal.

  5. Important Locations • Scandinavia (Denmark, Sweden, Norway) • Iceland • Greenland • Baffin Island • Davis Straight • Labrador • Newfoundland • North Atlantic Ocean

  6. Overview • Vikings (aka Danes or Norsemen) are remembered as being fierce pirates and warriors. • From Scandinavia, they invaded Europe in the late 700s to 1100. • No area of Europe was safe as they ambushed England (ruling there for a while), France, Spain, Germany, Ireland, Russia, and Italy • They also looked for new land in the west, across the Atlantic Ocean, discovering and settling in Iceland and Greenland (both unknown to other Europeans at the time)

  7. Viking Settlement/Colonization

  8. Overview cont • Most Vikings were actually farmers. • Due to a large spike in population, less farmland was available in Scandinavian territory. • This led the Vikings to seek out new land and resources • They also developed new shipbuilding techniques that allowed their boats to travel great distances

  9. Viking Religion: Polytheistic • Odin (Woden): King of the Norse gods and godesses • Thor: ruler of the sky. God of thunder and lighting, rain, wind, and storms • Frey: god of agriculture and love • Valkryies: goddess who transport dead warriors to Valhalla (Hall of Odin), aka: warrior heaven. • This pagan mythology was replaced eventually by Christianity.

  10. Shipbuilding and Navigation • Water travel was their main form of transportation as their nations were surrounded by oceans and seas • Ships • Built from wood • First ships to have a KEEL, a long narrow piece of wood attached to the underside of the ship. This reduced the rolling motion of the vessel, and made it easier to steer. • Knorrs: trading vessels, 15 meters long • Long Ships: warships, 20-29 meters long, and 5 meters wide.

  11. Shipbuilding/navigation • They used sightings of sun and stars – celestial navigation • Landmarks • Followed ravens (the bird) • Were known for their ability to find land.

  12. Exploration and Conquest • From various Sagas we learn about the adventures of several Vikings • 982, Eric the Red, sailed from Iceland to Greenland. • BjarniHerjulfsson, a sea captain, was the first to see the mainland of North America. • Leif Erikson (son of Eric the Red), lands in North America around 1000. • A settlement is started in Newfoundland at L’Anse aux Meadows. We know that the Vikings were here from evidence that exists from this settlement. • The settlement was only populated for a few years as battles with Skrailings caused them to leave.

  13. Class  Homework • Using your notes and the Viking package, complete the questions sheet. (To be marked in class) • Using your Atlas or another resource, complete the map of significant Viking locations. (to be handed in for marks) • Prepare for a short quiz tomorrow (multiple choice)

  14. Checking our understanding • For what and why were the Vikings so well known? • What cause did they have to set about what they did? • What are some features of their society?

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