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Rome - Intro

Rome - Intro. CHW3M Ms. Gluskin York Mills CI. A Practical and Monumental Civilization. Public toilets at Ostia, 40 BCE. Cloaca Maxima, sewer.

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Rome - Intro

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  1. Rome - Intro CHW3M Ms. Gluskin York Mills CI

  2. A Practical and Monumental Civilization Public toilets at Ostia, 40 BCE Cloaca Maxima, sewer Affordable Housing Institute: US. The Economics of Water: Part 5 – Roman Municipal Finance. 2012. http://affordablehousinginstitute.org/blogs/us/2008/04/the-economics-of-water-part-5-roman-municipal-finance.html (March 29, 2012). Wilke D. Schram. The Roman Water System. 2006. http://www.romanaqueducts.info/aquapub/tardieu_photos.htm (March 29, 2012).

  3. Familiar To Many People… Colosseum, amphitheatre in Rome Aqueduct in Segovia, Spain PBS, Building Big, Tunnel Basics, Ancient Roman Aqueduct, 2001, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/tunnel/aqueduct.html (April 1, 2013). Keith Hopkins, The Colosseum: Emblem of Rome, BBC History, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/colosseum_01.shtml (April 1, 2013).

  4. Historical Thinking Concepts Mostly secondary sources Roman Emperor PPT Assignment Trial of the Assassins of Julius Caesar

  5. Timeline of Republic 700s BCE – Etruscan civilization 753 BCE – Founding of Rome Monarchy 509 BCE – Roman Republic begins Republic = form of government with no monarchy

  6. Timeline of Empire

  7. Republic 44 BCE: Rome at the end of the Republic Romulus and Remus, legendary founders of Rome About.com. Legendary Rome Timeline. 2012. http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/romehistory/tp/Legendary-Rome-Timeline.htm (March 29, 2012). Metropolitan Museum. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Roman Republic. 2000. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/romr/hd_romr.htm (March 29, 2012).

  8. Theme #1: Growth & Expansion Expansion began from the city of Rome (red dot) circa 500 BCE and extended to the purple, pink andyellow areas by the end of the republic (44 BCE) W.W. Norton Publishing, Ralph's World Civilizations Chapter 9, 1997, http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/resource/rome.htm (March 30, 2013).

  9. Geographic Features That Affected Rome’s Development Physical map of Europe Free Maps of the World. Physical Map of Europe. N.d., http://www.freeworldmaps.net/europe/index.html (April 2, 2012).

  10. Orientation Toward the Sea • Trade • Coastal trade • Therefore: • Eventually Rome was able to dominate the Mediterranean.

  11. No Internal Physical Barriers • There were mountains but they didn’t divide like in Greece • Therefore: • There was more unity than in Greece after the Romans (a tribe) began expanding and conquering other territories.

  12. Agriculture • Very fertile soil (due to volcanic ash) • Good rivers • Population growth meant that there still wasn’t enough land • Need to import grain from Sicily and Egypt • Therefore: • Romans needed to conquer more territory in order to expand (military) • Carthage potential enemy

  13. The Alps • These mountains separated Rome from the rest of Europe • Po River was seen as a border dividing civilized Rome from northern “barbarians” • Therefore: • Rome felt protected by these mountains, possibly superior • There were invasions, however

  14. Alps Hannibal crossing the Alps Alps Archaeology Photoblog. Hannibal In the Alps. Stanford Alpine Archaeology Project: 1994-2006. http://traumwerk.stanford.edu/archaeolog/2006/04/hannibal_in_the_alps_stanford_1.html (March 29, 2012).

  15. Romanization Romanization = spread of Roman values and culture Roman bath in Bath, England Bath and Northeast Somerset Council, The Roman Baths, Bath, N.d. http://www.romanbaths.co.uk/ (March 30, 2013).

  16. Theme #2: Importance of Citizenship Privileges of citizenship – see pages 176-177 in textbook Ruins of Forum Romanum, where citizens came to meet National Geographic News, Photo Gallery: Ancient Rome Reborn in 3-D, Oct. 28, 2010, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/08/photogalleries/rome-reborn/photo8.html (March 30, 2013).

  17. Privileges of Roman Citizenship • Protected in law from random power of magistrates • Child of father citizen is citizen (if…) • Less taxes, no tribute payment • Slave freed by citizen is citizen (if…)

  18. Theme #3: Struggle of the Orders – Patricians vs. Plebeians • The Plebeians went on strike in the 400s BCE (plebeian secession) • The Twelve Tables (law code from the 400s BCE) • Table VIII. 2. If one has maimed the limb and does not compromise with the injured person, let there be retaliation. If one has broken a bone of a freeman with his hand or with a cudgel, let him pay a penalty of three hundred coins. If he has broken the bone of a slave, let him have one hundred and fifty coins. If one is guilty of insult, the penalty shall be twenty-five coins. • Table XI.1. Marriages should not take place between plebeians and patricians. [Later struck down.] Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources (Milwaukee: University Research Extension Co., 1901), Vol. III: The Roman World, pp. 9-11. In Paul Halsall, Ancient History Sourcebook: The Roman Republic: The Twelve Tables http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/12tables.html (June 1998), August 10, 2002

  19. Theme #4: Complicated Form of Government in Republic • Elements of monarchy – but they hate kings [2 Consuls and other magistrates] • Elements of aristocracy – but not 100% pure power for them [Senate] • Elements of democracy – but not direct democracy like in Athens [committees and tribunes]

  20. Balanced Government? 2 Consuls + other magistrates Committees Councils, Tribunes

  21. Magistrates (gov’t officials) • Magistrates want to climb the Cursus Honorum Censors Census and censorship Consuls Army Praetors Justice, relations between Romans and non-Romans Aediles Quaestors Roads, water, etc. Financial matters Why is dictator not on the cursus honorum?

  22. Theme #5: State Religion The concrete dome of the Pantheon, a temple originally built to honour all of the Roman gods. Later it was turned into a Christian Church in the 600s CE after the empire became Christian (300s CE). McGill Architecture, Pantheon Rome, 2005, http://www.arch.mcgill.ca/prof/sijpkes/abc-structures-2005/Lectures-2005/term-work/50-questions/sixth-five.html (March 30, 2013). Rome.info, Roman Pantheon, 2003-2009, http://www.rome.info/pantheon/ (April 1, 2013).

  23. Etruscans • They were another tribe on the Italian peninsula just north of Rome • Highly advanced culture • Some of Rome’s 7 early kings were Etruscan Etruscan urn, 4th or 3rd century BCE Metropolitan Museum. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Cinerary Urn. 2000. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/96.9.225a,b (March 29, 2012).

  24. Etruscan Cultural Contributions to Rome • Greek alphabet • Urban infrastructure • Tunnels • Dams • Arches and vaults • Religious practices • Animism = spirits are everywhere • Taking auspices = predicting the future by looking at the livers of animals Kevin J. McGowan, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Frequently Asked Questions About Crows, 2010, http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/crowfaq.htm (April 1, 2013).

  25. Etruscan Cultural Contributions, con’t • Funereal games = gladiator games eventually • Symbols • Fasces = became a Roman symbol of imperium, having the power over life and death (see page 168 in textbook) fasces Livius. Fasces. N.d., http://www.livius.org/fa-fn/fasces/fasces.html (March 29, 2012).

  26. Homework Day 1: • Take notes on 172-176: • Importance of Gauls, Sicily and southern Spain • Carthaginians, Hannibal • Scipio Africanus • Addition of eastern territory • Coloniae • Via Appia

  27. Homework Takeup: 172-176 • Name two societies that at one point defeated the Romans. • Name two societies the Romans defeated. • What was the importance of coloniae to the Romans? • How did roads help Romanize the Italian peninsula?

  28. Monarchical, Aristocratic or Democratic Element of Republican Government?

  29. Roman Social Customs • Beliefs: • Superstitious • Greeks and Etruscans, added their own • Auspices, military, elections, gods • Astrology, zodiac • Pontifex Maximus, calendar • Animal sacrifices

  30. Family Life and Morality: • Family • Paterfamilias, household, wife, children, slaves • Potestas • Property • Adoption • Love • Recognized

  31. Education • Together • Latin • Home, in public • 16, • Forum • No education • Girls

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