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Prevention of malaria

Ololade Akinfegbe April 24 2011 Walden University. Prevention of malaria. Goal of presentation. Prevention of malaria : ->To equip stakeholders with all necessary information on how to prevent malaria. Stakeholders.  Rural dwellers C ommunity health workers

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Prevention of malaria

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  1. Ololade Akinfegbe April 24 2011 Walden University Prevention of malaria

  2. Goal of presentation Prevention of malaria: ->To equip stakeholders with all necessary information on how to prevent malaria

  3. Stakeholders •  Rural dwellers • Community health workers • Non-governmental organizations.

  4. Definitions • Malaria: life-threatening parasitic infection. • Prevention: keeping of something from happening. • Stakeholders: A person, group, or organization

  5. Incidence of malaria • Major health problem in Nigeria -> 50% of out-patients visits -> 15% of hospital admission, -> One of the top three causes of death. Reference • (Alaba and Alaba 2009).

  6. Prevalence of malaria • There are more than 225 million cases of malaria each year, • killing around 781,000 people each year. • Majority of deaths are of young children in Sub-Saharan Africa. • Ninety percent of malaria-related deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa • References: WHO(2010) • (Oyewole.I.O, Ogunnowo A. A, Ibidapo.C. A., Okoh H. I,. Awolola T. S and Adedayo M. A. 2010)

  7. Etiology of malaria • Plasmodium parasite: can be contracted by sharing needles, transfusions or via the placenta. • Malaria transmission: -> Influenced by climate. -> High humidity • Human malaria: ->Plasmodium ovale, ->P. malariae, ->P. vivax, ->P. falciparum Reference • Salako , Ajayi , Sowunmi and Walker (1990)

  8. Clinical features • Malaria can cause: -> Fever -> Shivering -> Joint pain -> Anorexia -> Vomiting -> Malaise ->Anemia ->Convulsions

  9. Prevention of Malaria • Primary prevention • Secondary prevention • Tertiary prevention

  10. Primary prevention Some primary prevention methods include: • Vector control targeted at the environment • Use of insecticide treated nets • Indoor residual spraying using DDT • Larval control • Protective clothing Reference Hunponu-Wusu (2009)

  11. Secondary prevention The main secondary form of prevention is chemoprophylaxis use to suppress malaria • Drugs : -> Oral quinine -> Doxycycline -> Mefloquine -> Atovaquone -> Proguanil -> Artemether-lumefantrine

  12. Tertiary prevention • Prompt diagnosis • Early treatment of the disease • Reduction of complications. Reference Nyamongo.I (2002).

  13. Conclusion • In conclusion malaria is a deadly but preventable disease which could be totally eradicated if necessary preventive measures are taken especially at the primary level with the help of our stakeholders.

  14. References • Alaba. A, Alaba. B (2009).Malaria in Rural Nigeria: Implications for the millennium development goal. Volume 21, Issue 1, pages 73-85 • Business dictionary. Retrieved on April 23, 2011from: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html • Miller-Keane (2003) Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, 7th Edition. Saunders imprint of Elsevier, Inc. • Nyamongo.I (2002). Health care switching behavior of malaria patients in a kenyan rural community. Social science and medicine. 54 (3) 377-86 • Oyewole.I.O, Ogunnowo A. A, Ibidapo.C. A., Okoh H. I, Awolola T. S and Adedayo M. A. (2010) Epidemiology of malaria and insecticide resistance burden in Nigeria. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology Vol. 3(1), pp. 6–12 • Salako. L, Ajayi. F, Sowunmi.A, Walker. O. (1990) Malaria in Nigeria. 84(5):435-45. • World Health Organization (2010) world malaria report. Retrieved on April 23, 2011 from: http://www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2010/worldmalariareport2010.pdf

  15. Thank YOU

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