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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. . AND. Respiration. Respiration – the biochemical process that makes ATP from glucose Occurs in both autotrophs and heterotrophs. . Respiration. There are two types of respiration, AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC .

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. CellularRespiration

  2. AND Respiration • Respiration – the biochemical process that makes ATP from glucose • Occurs in both autotrophs and heterotrophs.

  3. Respiration • There are two types of respiration,AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC. • Aerobic respiration requires OXYGEN to release energy. • The chemical equationfor aerobic respiration is: C6H1206 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP Glucose Oxygen Water Carbon Dioxide Energy

  4. Respiration • Anaerobic respiration DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN. (Also called FERMENTATION) • Both aerobic and anaerobic respirationbegin with the same process, glycolysis.

  5. Glycolysis • Occurs in CYTOPLASM • Means “split the sugar,” • The chemical equation for glycolysis is: C6H12O6 + 2 ATP  2 Pyruvic acid + 4 ATP

  6. Glycolysis • Glucose molecules are broken down into 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate) molecules • Two ATP molecules are used and four ATP molecules are created resulting in a net gain of two ATP. • Following glycolysis, the pyruvic acid molecules can follow two paths: aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration.

  7. Glycolysis 2 Glucose Glycolysis

  8. Aerobic Respiration • Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA • Pyruvic acid molecules are converted to Acetyl-CoA molecules. • Acetyl-CoA broken down into H+, CO2, and ATP • Krebs Cycle • The H+ ions bond to carrier molecules,NAD+ and FAD to make NADH and FADH2.

  9. Aerobic Respiration • NADH and FADH2 go through a series of step reactions – the electron transport chain – to produce ATP.

  10. Aerobic Respiration • Each cycle produces 10 NADH molecules, 2 FADH2 molecules and 2 ATP. 1 NADH = 3 ATP 1 FADH2 = 2 ATP • The end product of aerobic respiration is the production of 36 ATP MOLECULES.

  11. Glucose Glucose Glycolysis Glycolysis Aerobic Respiration 2 36 Krebs cycle Electrontransport

  12. Anaerobic Respiration • Occurs in the CYTOPLASM. • Occurs in the absence of oxygen

  13. Anaerobic Respiration • Lactic acid Fermentation- converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid and CO2 • Lactic acid can build up in muscles when they run out of oxygen and causes muscle soreness • Alcoholic fermentation- converts pyruvic acid to ethanol and CO2 • Process used to make wine, beer, cheese, and bread • Both processes result in the production of only 2 ATP MOLECULES.

  14. Factors Affecting Respiration: • ATP concentration- the more ATP molecules available, the slower the rate of respiration.

  15. Glucose Krebs cycle Electrontransport Glycolysis Anaerobic Respiration 2 36 Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid

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