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Pharmacy Units

Pharmacy Units. Measurements and Abbreviations There are others in the Student Handout book The most common ones (Must know) C=Celsius F =Fahrenheit G or gr =Gram Gr. = grain L= liter Ml= Milliliter Mg=Milligram Kg=Kilogram TBSP= tablespoon TSP= Teaspoon Gtt= drop.

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Pharmacy Units

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  1. Pharmacy Units • Measurements and Abbreviations • There are others in the Student Handout book • The most common ones (Must know) • C=Celsius • F =Fahrenheit • G or gr =Gram • Gr. = grain • L= liter • Ml= Milliliter • Mg=Milligram • Kg=Kilogram • TBSP= tablespoon • TSP= Teaspoon • Gtt= drop

  2. Measurement Systems • Metric System- began in France in 1795. • Denotes basic units of measurement in 6 main areas: • Mass - Gram • Length- meter • Time- second • Volume- liter • Electricity- Ampere (named after the french mathematician , Andre Marie Ampere) is a unit of electric current. • Temperature – Kelvins • Conversions are made based on factors of ten: • 1000 micrograms = 1 milligram, 1000 milligrams= 1 gram

  3. Metric System is the preferred system in science and medicine due to its factor of ten basis. Used in most countries in the world • Nano =0.0000000001 • Micro = 0.0000001 • Milli =0.001 • Centi=0.01 • Deci = 0.1 • Kilo=1,000

  4. US Customary Units and British Imperial Systems • Development over centuries in the British Isles and later in the US colonies • Formally standardized in 1824 • Still use in the US and Great Britain Today; however, almost all scientific applications use the metric system or the SI system (Système international d'unités ) • Avoirdupois system is a subsystem of weights in the US and British Systems based on the pound. • 1 pound = 16 ounces = 480 grams (actually slightly less)

  5. The follow is a list of weights and their metric equivalents • 1 Grain = 65 mg (5 gr aspirin =325 mg) exception: 1 gr of thyroid, phenobarbital, codeine and nitroglycerin) is 60 mg • 2.2 pound = 1 kilograms • 1 Dram (symbolized by ʒ) = 3.9 g and 1 f ʒ = 3.9 ml • 1 ounce = 28.35 g and 1 fl. Oz= 30 ml • 1 pint= 16 ounces and 16 fl.oz= 480 ml • 2 pints= 32 ounces and 32 fl.oz = 1 quart = 960 ml=0.96 liters • 8 pints= 128 ounces and 128 fl.oz=4 quarts = 1 gallon = 3.8 liters • 20 drops = 1 ml

  6. Apothecary System • Apothecary system is a system of weights and measure used in Europe during the 18th century by physicians and pharmacist (apothecary) • Is a subset of the British Imperial systems • The following are important to remember in pharmacy • The follow is a list of weights and their metric equivalents • 1 Grain = 65 mg (5 gr aspirin =325 mg) exception: 1 gr of thyroid, phenobarbital, codeine and nitroglycerin) is 60 mg • 1 Dram (symbolized by ʒ) = 3.9 g and 1 f ʒ = 3.9 ml • The following is the symbols for the ounce, scruple, and the pound • The apothecary pounds is 12 ounces

  7. Conversions between units • To make a unit conversion note: • units 1 X (unit 2/unit 1) = unit 2 • Or use the formula in the book: • Unit you have X (the unit you need/unit you have)= the unit you need

  8. Electrolytes and their units • In medicine electrolytes are reported in the following units: mg/dl and mEq/l • Electrolytes that are reported in mEq/l are sodium, potassium. • Normal sodium in humans is 135 mEq/l to 145 mEq/ml • Low plasma sodium is called hyponatremia and high is hypernatremia. • Na is the chemical symbol for sodium

  9. Normal plasma potassium is 4 mEq/l to 5 mEq/l • Low plasma potassium is hypokalemia and high is hyperkalemia • The chemical symbol for potassium is K • High potassium levels (greater than 9 mEq/l) is very dangerous and can be fatal (death is by cardiac asystole)

  10. Calcium • The chemical symbol for calcium is Ca • Calcium and Magnesium are divalent cations, meaning they have a charge of +2. • Sometimes you will see them write as Ca +2 and Mg +2 • Normal plasma calcium is 8 mg/dl to 10 mg/dl • Calcium is important in the body for blood pressure, cardiac function and blood clotting. • Calcium is sometimes used to reverse effects of high blood potassium on the heart. An order you may see is • 1 gram calcium gluconate IVP X 2 • 0.3 gram calcium chloride IVP X 2

  11. More less Commonly used abbreviations • AMA= against medical advice • AV= arteriovenous • BE= Barium enema • BUN= Blood urea nitrogen • CC= chief complaint • Cl liq= clear liquids • DAT= diet as tolerated • Dim= one- half or SS • EENT= eye, ear, nose and throat • ERT- estrogen replacement therapy • FE= iron • GTT= glucose tolerance test • HRT= Hormone replacement therapy

  12. Hx= history • IM= intramuscular injection • I&O= intake and output • KCL= potassium chloride • mEq= milliequivalent • MOM= milk of magnesia • NPO= nothing by mouth • PRN = as needed • PO= by mouth • Qs= sufficient quantity

  13. SSE= soap suds enema • Sum= take • TPN= total parenteral nutrition • Ung= ointment

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