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Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood (60 yrs.>)

Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood (60 yrs.>). Dr. Arra PSY 232. Late Adulthood. ERIKSON Ego Integrity vs. Despair. Late Adulthood. PERSONALITY Remains stable Some slight changes Agreeableness and acceptance of change increase slightly Extraversion decreases slightly.

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Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood (60 yrs.>)

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  1. Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood (60 yrs.>) Dr. Arra PSY 232

  2. Late Adulthood ERIKSON • Ego Integrity vs. Despair

  3. Late Adulthood PERSONALITY • Remains stable • Some slight changes • Agreeableness and acceptance of change increase slightly • Extraversion decreases slightly

  4. Late Adulthood COPING/DEALING WITH STRESS • Seniors have developed coping styles to deal with problems • Seniors have social support, familial support, and friends which help to reduce stress • High quality relationships have the greatest impact on psychological health

  5. Late Adulthood COGNITIVE-APPRAISAL COPING MODEL (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) • States that people choose appropriate coping strategies to deal with situations that tax their normal resources • 2 types of coping strategies: problem-focused or emotion-focused

  6. Late Adulthood • Problem focused coping: aims at eliminating, managing, or improving a stressful situation • This strategy is used when the person sees that they have a chance of changing the situation

  7. Late Adulthood • Emotion focused coping: managing or regulating the emotional response to a stressful situation • Works to lessen the physical or psychological impact of the stressor • Utilized when a person realizes that little or nothing can be done about a situation/stressor

  8. Late Adulthood SOCIAL INTERACTION • Disengagement theory: social interactions decline because of mutual withdrawal between elders and society • Adults are anticipating death • Not everyone disengages

  9. Late Adulthood ACTIVITY THEORY • States that social barriers cause decreased engagement not the desire of elders • Yet, offering adults opportunities for social contact does not guarantee greater social activity

  10. Late Adulthood CONTINUITY THEORY (Atchley, 1989) • People need to maintain a connection between past and present activities • Activity levels represents the continuation of a person’s individual lifestyle; adults should remain active

  11. Late Adulthood • Adults engage in the same sorts of behaviors they always have: MEN: engage in work, leisure activities, role of father, husband WOMEN: engage in roles of mother, wife, worker, volunteer, and leisure activities

  12. Late Adulthood SOCIOEMOTIONAL SELECTIVITY THEORY • As we age we become more socially selective • Adults tend to limit their contacts to individuals with whom they have developed pleasurable, rewarding, relationships

  13. Late Adulthood RELATIONSHIPS IN LATE ADULTHOOD • Social Convoy: cluster of family members and friends that provides safety and support MARITAL SATISFACTION • Tends to rise in late adulthood • Couples engage in joint leisure activities • Less overall stress; no children to support

  14. Late Adulthood • When divorce occurs, remarriage rates are low • Widowhood: wide variation in adaptation • Maintain social ties, outgoing personality, high self esteem, and self efficacy in handling daily living tasks foster adjustment • Women who have developed relationships outside the marriage fare better than men

  15. Late Adulthood FRIENDSHIPS/RELATIONSHIPS • Social support from siblings increases; especially when they live nearby • Siblings engage in joint reminiscing • Friendships provide companionship, acceptance, and a link to the larger community

  16. Late Adulthood • Women are more likely to have intimate friends and secondary friends: people with whom they spend time occasionally • Adults and their adult children are often in touch • They exchange advice and give moderate support

  17. Late Adulthood • Grandparent/grandchild contact tends to decline over time, but grandparent affection remains

  18. Late Adulthood RETIREMENT AND LEISURE • Decision to retire depends on affordability, health status, opportunities to pursue meaningful activities, and societal factors • Women tend to retire earlier than men because of family events • Those near poverty will continue to work

  19. Late Adulthood FACTORS THAT AFFECT ADJUSTMENT TO RETIREMENT • Health status • financial stability • Satisfaction derived from work • Social support • marital happiness

  20. Late Adulthood • Family-focused lifestyle: low cost activities that revolve around the home, family, and friends • Balanced investment: time is spent across family, work, and leisure • Serious leisure: lifestyle focused around pursuing an interest or hobby

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