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KS3 Biology. 7C Feeding Relationships. Contents. 7C Feeding Relationships. Habitats. Adaptations. Feeding types. Food chains. Food webs. Summary activities. Contents. 7C Feeding Relationships. Habitats. Adaptations. Feeding types. Food chains. Food webs.
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KS3 Biology 7C Feeding Relationships
Contents 7C Feeding Relationships Habitats Adaptations Feeding types Food chains Food webs Summary activities
Contents 7C Feeding Relationships Habitats Adaptations Feeding types Food chains Food webs Summary activities
What are adaptations? Organisms need to have special features which help them to survive in their habitat. These special features are calledadaptations. For example, you have plenty of adaptations to survive in your habitat. Your fingers are an excellent adaptation. Without their ability to grip you would not be able to do all of that schoolwork! Some adaptations are obvious while others are not so obvious. Can you think of any other adaptations that you have?
Adaptations in different habitats These organisms are all adapted to their environments in different ways. How are they specially adapted to survive?
Adaptations in similar habitats These animals have similar habitats but different adaptations.
A new species… Scientists have discovered this strange new species on a small island off the coast of Argentina. The scientists want you to help them describe where this animal lives (land, water or air), what it eats, how it eats, how it breathes, how it moves and last, but not least, what they should call it. As the organism is adapted to its environment you should be able to use the way it looks to answer all of these questions. Don’t forget to give your organism a name!
Daily adaptations Many things in the environment change on a daily basis. For example, the temperature and the amount of light. Organisms adapt to the type of habitat they live in and also have to adapt to the daily changes in their habitat. For example, many flowers open their petals during the day to catch the Sun and close them at night for protection from early morning frost.
Yearly adaptations The environment also changes on a yearly basis with the seasons. This may bring about changes in light and temperature but also in the availability of food and water. Organisms must also find some way to adapt to these yearly changes. Organisms have come up with many different ways to achieve this. For example, many animals hibernate over winter to deal with food shortages.
Contents 7C Feeding Relationships Habitats Adaptations Feeding types Food chains Food webs Summary activities
Feeding types Different types of animals can be grouped in several ways. One grouping system is based on how animals feed. Some organisms produce their own food. These are calledproducers. Plants produce their own food using light energy from the Sun. Some types of bacteria can also make their own food by using light or chemical reactions. Other organisms cannot make their own food. These are calledconsumers.
Consumers Consumers can be grouped into different types: Herbivores These consumers eat producers. This means plants and possibly bacteria. Carnivores These consumers eat other consumers. They eat animals. Omnivores These consumers eat other consumers and producers. They eat animals and plants. Most humans are omnivores.
Contents 7C Feeding Relationships Habitats Adaptations Feeding types Food chains Food webs Summary activities
Food chains – what eats what? What is the food chain in this habitat?
Food chains A food chain shows what is eaten by what. Each arrow means ‘eaten by’. leaf caterpillar cat bird What does this food chain show? A leaf iseaten bya caterpillar, which iseaten bya bird, which iseaten bya cat. Energy is transferred from one organism to another in the direction of the arrow,.
Food chains – activity Drag the organisms into the boxes to make three food chains.
Food chains – draw your own Draw your own food chains based on the following guidelines: • A food chain from a forest. • A food chain from an ocean. • A food chain with four organisms in it. • A food chain that ends with you! • Use arrows ( ) to show the transfer of energy • between the organisms that you choose.
Antarctic food chain – information Read the following paragraph about who eats whom in the Antarctic and draw a food chain that shows the feeding relationships in this habitat. Don’t forget that your food chain must start with a producer! Killer whales or orca’s range around Antarctica hunting for their food. One of the species that they eat are the Weddell Seal. Weddell seals are large mammals that stay in Antarctica all year round. One of the many things that they eat are squid. Squid are very fast hunters who often poison their prey. They feed on many different organisms including shrimp. Shrimp are small animals that live on the ocean floor. There are over 2,000 different species of shrimp all over the world. They are omnivores but phytoplankton makes up a large part of their diet.
Antarctic food chain – answer phyto- plankton shrimp squid weddell seal killer whale Killer whales or orca’s range around Antarctica hunting for their food. One of the species that they eat are the Weddell Seal. Weddell seals are large mammals that stay in Antarctica all year round. One of the many things that they eat are squid. Squid are very fast hunters who often poison their prey. They feed on many different organisms including shrimp. Shrimp are small animals that live on the ocean floor. There are over 2,000 different species of shrimp all over the world. They are omnivores but phytoplankton makes up a large part of their diet.
Food chains and feeding types Food chains always start with a producer. If the producer is a plant it can be any part of the plant, such as the seeds, fruits, leaves or even dead leaves. From looking at a food chain we can tell if an organism is a producer, a herbivore or a carnivore. What are the feeding types of the animals in this food chain? leaf caterpillar cat bird
Ranking consumers seaweed limpet crayfish human Consumers eat plants or animals, or both. A food chain can be used to rank different types of consumers. secondary consumer tertiary consumer primary consumer producer • producers– make their own food; • primary consumers– eat producers; • secondary consumers – eat primary consumers; • tertiary consumers– eat secondary consumers.
Contents 7C Feeding Relationships Habitats Adaptations Feeding types Food chains Food webs Summary activities
What is a food web? plants aphid ladybird blue tit owl plants moth larva blue tit owl plants moth larva spider chiffchaff owl plants vole stoat plants vole owl Most animals would get pretty fed up if they only ate one thing. Instead, they usually eat many different things and are involved in lots of different food chains. These food chains can be put together in afood web, which shows how the food chains are connected. What would the food web look like for these food chains?
What is a food web? chiffchaff owl blue tit stoat spider ladybird moth larva vole aphid plants
Using a food web • Name the producer in this food web. • Name two herbivores in this food web. • Name two species that are top carnivores. • How many secondary consumers are there? • Which food chains include a moth larva? owl stoat blue tit chiffchaff spider vole ladybird moth larva aphid plants
Contents 7C Feeding Relationships Habitats Adaptations Feeding types Food chains Food webs Summary activities
Glossary • adaptation –A feature that helps an organism live in a particular place. • carnivore –An organism that only eats other animals. • consumer –An organism that feeds on plants or animals. • food chain– A sequence that shows feeding relationships and the transfer of energy between organisms. • food web– Food chains that are linked to show the complex feeding relationships in a habitat. • habitat –The place where an organism lives. • herbivore –An organism that only eats plants. • omnivore –An organism that eats both plants and animals. • producer –A plant that makes food by photosynthesis.
