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The Rise of Islam: 600-750

The Rise of Islam: 600-750 . Middle East, ca. 600 A.D. Pre Islamic Arabia. Caravan Culture Tribal organization Pilgrimage to Mecca Violent, warrior states based on vendetta culture ghazu (raids) on caravans Patriarchal. The Ka’aba in Mecca. Cultural influences on Islam. Persia

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The Rise of Islam: 600-750

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  1. The Rise of Islam: 600-750

  2. Middle East, ca. 600 A.D.

  3. Pre Islamic Arabia • Caravan Culture • Tribal organization • Pilgrimage to Mecca • Violent, warrior states based on vendetta culture • ghazu (raids) on caravans • Patriarchal

  4. The Ka’aba in Mecca

  5. Cultural influences on Islam • Persia • Administration and governance • literature • India • Mathematics, science, medicine • “Hindi” numbers • Greece • Philosophy, esp. Aristotle • Greek medicine • Rome and Byzantium • Architecture

  6. Islamic Art and Architecture • Found all over the world • Influenced from other classical traditions • Expression of divine presence • Both secular and religious • Major practices: • Metalwork • Pottery • Painting • Calligraphy • rugs

  7. Origins of Islam • Beginning of His Ministry • Muhammad in Mecca • The Hijra • Umma: community of believers

  8. The Quran • Record of revelations received during visions • Committed to writing c. 650 CE, compiled (Muhammad dies 632) • Under the third Caliph, UthmanibnAffan • Tradition of Muhammad’s life: hadith

  9. Five Pillars • Confession of faith • Prayer 5 times a day • Charity to the needy • Fasting during the month-long Ramadan • Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during one’s lifetime

  10. Early Problems • Succession • Mohammed had no surviving male children • generated a permanent split in the Islamic community • Sunnis • Shi’as

  11. Abu Bakr • not particularly popular with the Muslim community • Ruled 632-634 • allowed raid, then invasions of Byzantine and Persian territory • subjugated any dissident elements or tribes • disposed of any “new prophets”

  12. Ali • Was cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet • Ruled 656-661 • Assassinated 661 • Umayyad leader Mu’awiyadeclates self caliph

  13. Umayyeds • successful in the war • Ali assassinated in 661 A.D. • by the Kharijites • beginning of the Umayyeddynasty • Atlantic Ocean to India • Syria: center of the Islamic World • eventually displaced by the Abbasids • an Arab family claiming decent from Mohammed

  14. Dome of the Rock, Temple Mount Jerusalem

  15. Success = strain • success introduced luxury and change • From original caliphs to the Umayyad caliphs • new ideas and new ethnic groups • with their own customs and heritage, to try to assimilate • rise of a sort of “revivalist element” • Islam had strayed from its original path and purity • Muslims were being led back to paganism • caliphs were becoming idle, corrupt, tyrants Photo on right: Ummayad Mosque in Damascus

  16. Policy toward Conquered Peoples • Favoritism of Arab military rulers causes discontent • Limited social mobility for non-Arab Muslims • Head tax (jizya) on non-Muslims • Umayyad luxurious living causes further decline in moral authority

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