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OVAL - Open Vulnerability Assessment Language - (brought to you by Mitre, DHS and the Letter C)

OVAL - Open Vulnerability Assessment Language - (brought to you by Mitre, DHS and the Letter C). Jay Beale CanSecWest 2004 Lightning Talk April 22, 2004. The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) Initiative.

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OVAL - Open Vulnerability Assessment Language - (brought to you by Mitre, DHS and the Letter C)

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  1. OVAL- Open Vulnerability Assessment Language -(brought to you by Mitre, DHS and the Letter C) Jay Beale CanSecWest 2004 Lightning Talk April 22, 2004

  2. The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) Initiative • An international security community activity led by MITRE focused on developing a list that provides common names for publicly known information security vulnerabilities and exposures. • Key tenets • One name for one vulnerability or exposure • One standardized description for each vulnerability or exposure • Existence as a dictionary rather than a database • Publicly accessible for review or download from the Internet • Industry participation in open forum (editorial board) • The CVE list and information about the CVE effort are available on the CVE web site at [cve.mitre.org]

  3. OVAL Concept • Describe how to test for a vulnerability in XML and SQL. • Human readable • Machine Parseable • Use this to achieve consensus between security peoples about how best to test for the vulnerability. • Tests are host-based…

  4. Host Based? • Host-based means that you can test for vulns that can’t be checked by the network. • Network-based probably can’t test for around half of the vulns we’d like to know about. • Host-based potentially means better accuracy. • Network-based has a much-reduced interaction. • Host-based does present scalability problems.

  5. Scalability of a Host-based System • The OVAL definition interpreters are GPL, while the content is basically freeware. • You could create an infrastructure. One way you might do this: • Place an agent on each host that receives new definitions files, runs an interpreter, and sends back results.xml files. • A central console could receive and parse those results files, allowing you to check for vulnerabilities for which you don’t yet have definitions. • Imagine if the central console pushed all the data covered by the schema, for each machine, into an SQL database.

  6. OVAL Board ArcSight too…

  7. OVAL Schema & Definitions • XML, SQL, & Pseudo Code • Schemas for: • Microsoft Windows • NT 4.0, 2000, XP, 98, & Server 2003 • Sun Solaris 7, 8, 9 • Red Hat Linux • Draft Schemas • Hewlett-Packard UNIX (HP-UX) • Debian Linux • Definitions for above and some applications • IIS 4.0 and 5.0; Internet Explorer 5.01, 5.5, and 6.0; and SQL Server 2000

  8. OVAL Definition: OVAL575 <definitions> <definition id="OVAL575"> <affected family="windows"> <windows:platform>Microsoft Windows 2000</windows:platform> <product>Microsoft Windows Workstation Service</product> </affected> <cveid status="CAN">2003-0812</cveid> <dates> <created date="2003-11-12" /> <modified date="2004-03-09">Changed the status from INTERIM to ACCEPTED and the version from 0 to 1</modified> </dates> <description> Stack-based buffer overflow in a logging function for Windows Workstation Service (WKSSVC.DLL) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via RPC calls that cause long entries to be written to a debug log file ("NetSetup.LOG"), as demonstrated using the NetAddAlternateComputerName API. </description> <status>ACCEPTED</status> <version>1</version> <criteria> <software operation="AND"> <criterion test_ref="wrt-1" comment="Windows 2000 is installed" /> <criterion test_ref="wft-8" comment="the version of wkssvc.dll is less than 5.00.2195.6862" /> <criterion test_ref="wrt-86" negate="true" comment="the patch q828749 is installed (Hotfix key)" /> </software> <configuration> <criterion test_ref="wrt-71" comment="the workstation service is enabled" /> </configuration> </criteria> </definition> </definitions>

  9. OVAL Definition: OVAL575 - continued <tests> <!--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --> <!-- ~~~~~windows file tests ~~~~~~~~~~ --> <file_test id="wft-8" comment="the version of wkssvc.dll is less than 5.00.2195.6862" xmlns="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval#windows"> <path> <component type="registry_value"> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SystemRoot</component> <component type="literal"> \system32\wkssvc.dll</component> </path> <version datatype="version" operator="less than"> <major>5</major> <minor>00</minor> <build>2195</build> <private>6862</private> </version> </file_test> <!--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --> <!-- ~~~~~windows registry tests ~~~~~~~~~ --> <registry_test id="wrt-1" comment="Windows 2000 is installed" xmlns="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval#windows"> <hive>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</hive> <key>SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion</key> <name>CurrentVersion</name> <value operator="equals">5.0</value> </registry_test> <registry_test id="wrt-71" comment="the workstation service is enabled" xmlns="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval#windows"> <hive>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</hive> <key>SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\lanmanworkstation</key> <name>Start</name> <value datatype="int" operator="not equal">4</value> </registry_test> <registry_test id="wrt-86" comment="the patch q828748 is installed (Hotfix key)" xmlns="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval#windows"> <hive>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</hive> <key>SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Hotfix\KB828749</key> <name>Installed</name> <value datatype="int" operator="equals">1</value> </registry_test> <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ --> </tests>

  10. OVAL Status 660 Total definitions: 251 Accepted;132 Interim; 25 Draft; 252 Initial Submission • Microsoft • Microsoft joined OVAL board • 373 definitions for Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 • 14 definitions for Windows XP • 68 multiple platforms • 172 initial submissions • RedHat Linux • RedHat on OVAL board • 159+ draft definitions • Full coverage of Red Hat 9.0 vulnerability alerts • Full coverage of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 vulnerability alerts • Solaris • 40 definitions for Solaris 7 and 8 • HP-UX • Collaboration with DLA and BAH • 12 initial submissions • Debian • Draft schema submitted • Vendor representative participating on OVAL board (as of 12 April 2004)

  11. OVAL XML and SQL Definition Interpreters • Mitre has released a “definition interpreter” for Windows NT and 2000 that reads definitions written in SQL. • This program serves as a host-based vulnerability-assessment tool. • Mitre is releasing an XML definition interpreter for Windows and Linux now. • I’ll demo the tool.

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