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Birds

Birds . By:Lindsay Hotze and Dani Demuth. Polar regions Tropics Forests Deserts Cities Grasslands. Farmlands Mountain tops Islands Caves Near water. Habitat. Food Sources. Small animals Vegetables Nectar Fruit Insects Seeds. Importance.

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Birds

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  1. Birds By:Lindsay Hotze and Dani Demuth

  2. Polar regions Tropics Forests Deserts Cities Grasslands Farmlands Mountain tops Islands Caves Near water Habitat

  3. Food Sources • Small animals • Vegetables • Nectar • Fruit • Insects • Seeds

  4. Importance • Presence tells whether all is well or something is wrong • Shows biological importance of an area • Indicates whether food is available • Can indicate pollution

  5. Watch Me!!

  6. What makes birds unique? • Feathers • Constructed from keratin • Provide a light, flexible, insulating layer to maintain birds’ body temperature of 107.6°F • Assist in flight • Colors and shapes of feathers are forms of visual communication

  7. Skeletal System • Hollow bones filled with air sacs • Rigid skeleton • Strong enough for flight due to fusion of bones • Light and compact for low take off weight and good power to weight ratio • Light round skull with a toothless beak covered in horny plates

  8. Respiration • Can breathe through mouth and nostrils very rapidly • Air moves in one direction through lungs, which is what makes it different from all other respiratory systems • Unidirectional air way important because the muscles need a constant oxygen supply so they can produce enough energy to fly • Usually fresh air with high oxygen content • Deliver oxygen from air to tissues and removes carbon dioxide • Makes more oxygen available to be diffused • Plays role in thermoregulation

  9. Reproduction Click me ! • Sexes differ in appearance • Single breeding season • Internal fertilization cloaca-the common cavity into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals open in birds • Lay eggs into a nest to keep incubated and warm • Babies remain in nest for several months

  10. Nervous System • Similar to humans • Made up of brain, spinal cord, and nerves • These transmit messages to and from the brain

  11. Circulatory System • Consists of a four chambered heart and blood vessels • Main blood vessels are arteries and veins • Works extremely fast to keep up with oxygen flow -Ex: human heart-60 beats per minute humming bird heart- 1,000 beats per minute

  12. Excretory System • Nitrogenous wastes are removed from the blood by the kidney, they are then converted into uric acid and are deposited in the cloaca. • Water is then reabsorbed causing uric acid crystals to precipitate and form the whitish-semisolid paste.

  13. Digestive System Click me !

  14. Examples Australian King Parrot Blue-Footed Boobie Great Tit Cardinal Peacock

  15. Taxonomy • Kingdom- Animalia • Phylum- Chordata • Class- Aves • Order-23 orders (most common passeriformes otherwise known as perching birds) • 9,700 species

  16. How do birds fly? • Flight Clips

  17. Adaptations • Longer legs for walking birds like ostriches • In penguins, wings adapted to become like underwater paddles • Birds of prey have long beaks and talons to increase hunting abilities

  18. Endotherms • Endotherms means birds are warm blooded animals • Body temperature stays the same even if surrounding temperatures are higher or lower

  19. Works Cited • "Avian Respiration." Bird Respiration System. 2 Apr 2008 http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdrespiration.html • "Birds, Feathered Conquerors of the Air". Animals: Birds Volume Two. New York, New York: Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1999. • Miller, Kenneth, and Joseph Levine. Biology: The Living Science. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1998. • "Noah's Ark Zoo Farm, Wraxall, Bristol, Somerset". Noah's Ark Zoo Farm. April 4, 2008 http://www.noahsarkzoofarm.co.uk • Noll, Paul. "Bird Skeleton." 2 Apr 2008 http://www.paulnoll.com/Oregon/Birds/ • Peace, "Birds Anatomy (Conure)." 19 Aug 2007. Let Peace Inspire You. 2 Apr 2008 <http://www.peaceinspire.com/2007/08/19/birds-anatomy-conure/>. • Peterson, Roger Tory. The Birds, by Tory Peterson and the editors of Life. New York: New York,Time inc, 1963. • Prum, Richard O. "Bird." World Book Online Reference Center. 2008. [Place of access.]  2 April 2008. http://www.worldbookonline.com • Ramel, Gordon. "The Taxonomy of Birds." 7 Jan 2008. Earth-Life Web Productions. 4 Apr 2008 <http://www.earthlife.net>. • Smith, Edmund. "The importance of birds to the environment." Nov 2001. Okrala. 2 Apr 2008 <http://www.premioreportaje.org>

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