Phosphorous Reduction & Manure Management Research in Idaho

1. Phosphorous Reduction & Manure Management Research in Idaho Mario E. de Haro Martí Dairy/Livestock Environmental Education

2. Operation of a Struvite Dairy Wastewater Phosphorus Removal System • Portable Struvite Crystallizer • Trailer mounted • Continue collaboration with WSU, CSU, Iowa State • Evaluate various wastewater • Dairy Wastewater • Potato Wastewater • WW Sludge Effluent • Acidification Pre-Treatment 4 N:24 P: 0 K Struvite (MgNH4PO4*6 H2O)

3. System Flow Meter Mg Pump NH3 In Mg In Mg Solution Inflow Ph Meter ORGANICDairy Wastewater Phosphorus Removal • Collaboration with Colorado State University • Chemical Process Modification • Acetic Acid vs Hydrochloric Acid (pretreatment acidification) • Potassium Hydroxide vs Ammonia (reaction catalyst) • Crop Response • Theoretical Solubility • Laboratory • Greenhouse Trials • Wheat

4. Change in Crystal Properties Non-acidified Struvite Acidified Struvite

5. Crystallization Results

6. Struvite Crystallization UI Experience Considerations • Experimental conditions • 30% TP reduction under normal operation • Up to 50% TP reduction under acidification, increasing chemicals usage • Operating cost to get 50% reduction calculated to be >$2/cow/month • New research needed to lower costs and simplify operation • Option for organic farms?

7. Phosphorus and Ammonia Removal System for an Openlot Dairy • P removal system using Lime to reduce phosphorous • Similar technology is used on the swine industry • Demonstrate reduction of P loading and NH3 emissions • P-Removal and Nitrification treatment system for a 2,000-hd dairy

8. Calcium Phosphate Separation Developed by USDA-ARS Florence, SC 12 ft CaPO4 Clarifier 6 ft Low P Effluent Overflow 9 ft Sludge Removal Lime (CaCO3) slurry (1 lime: 2 water) SuperSoils System B&B Farm, Clinton, NC

9. pH controller Lime pump 12 ft pH probe Lime mixing tank 6 ft “Dirty” water enters through center Gravity overflow to clarifier Ultrasonic Level Sensor for process control

10. 5% Lime Slurry 1% Lime Slurry Settling Only Separated Parlor Water 5% Volume 10.2% Volume 2.5% Volume

11. Considerations on Phosphorous Separation Using Lime • Very promising results at laboratory level • Up to 84% TP removal on dairy parlor wastewater • Great reduction of odors • 50%+ TP removal expected on slurry • More research needed on wastewater – slurry – lime concentration combinations • Amount to use on a big dairy and cost of lime is a limiting factor today

12. Effect of the Installation of an Anaerobic Digester on Farmstead Air Emissions • 6-mo. Pre and Post Digester Construction/Operation • May – December, 2007 (Pre) • April – December, 2008 (Post) • West Point Dairy, Wendell • UV Sentry Monitoring with WindTrax Emissions Modeling

13. Fixed UV-DOAS position Wind direction during sample period Mobil UV-DOAS DEQ 10-m Weather Tower Summer 1 2 Winter Spring, Fall 3 Late Summer (low velocity) Anaerobic digester

14. Emissions Methodology Evaluation • Compare open-area emissions monitoring methods • West Point Dairy • Oct 1 – 7, 2007 • UV-DOAS • FTIR • Wind Tunnel w/ chemiluminescence • NH3 Denuder • Passive NH3 • Mass-balance & existing table values

15. Fly Larvae Utilization of Manure • Soldier Fly Larvae • Utilize manure solids as larval feed source • When larvae are ready to crystallize, they crawl out and away from manure (self-harvesting!!) • Harvested larvae are dried and used as protein supplement for trout production • 2 years project

16. Foot Bath Copper Removal Systems for Idaho Dairies • Laboratory (Year 1) • Pilot scale systems design and construction • Electro-coagulation • Electrolysis • Evaluation with varying copper concentrations and field collected wastewaters • Field Tests (Year 2) • Footbath system • Six month test • Economic Evaluation • Installation cost • Operating cost

17. Hose-Drag Land Application: A Water & Air Quality Evaluation Broadcast Sweep Injection Aerway