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Clap if you like pizza!

This presentation covers essential MIPS assembly operations focusing on multiplication and division, including signed and unsigned variations. Dive into byte-level data access with load and store instructions, emphasizing how operations on registers are interpreted based on their type. By understanding how to manage data types and control instruction flow, programmers can optimize performance in assembly programming. Highlights include a clear explanation of instruction sets, registers overview, and vital considerations for operations in computer architecture.

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Clap if you like pizza!

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Pointless Poll Clap if you like pizza!

  2. CS430 – Computer ArchitectureMore Operations William J. Taffe using slides by David Oppenheimer & Steve Tu

  3. Instructions Potpourri 9 new instructions in 9 minutes! Multiplication and Division: mult, multu, div, divu, mfhi, mflo Accessing Individual Bytes Instead of Words: lb, lbu, sb

  4. $t3 00011111111111111111111111111111 $t4 11000000000000000000000000000000 Multiplication mult $t1, $t2 # t1 * t2 No dest register: Product could be ~2^64; need two special registers to hold it 3-step process $t1 01111111111111111111111111111111 X $t2 01000000000000000000000000000000 00011111111111111111111111111111 11000000000000000000000000000000 Hi Lo mfhi $t3 mflo $t4

  5. Division div $t1, $t2 # t1 / t2 Quotient stored in Lo Bonus prize: Remainder stored in Hi mflo $t3 #copy quotient to t3 mfhi $t4 #copy remainder to t4 3-step process

  6. Unsigned Multiplication and Division multu $t1, $t2 # t1 * t2 divu $t1, $t2 # t1 / t2 Just like mult, div, except now interpret t1, t2 as unsigned integers instead of signed Answers are also unsigned, use mfhi, mflo to access

  7. Data Types in MAL What if t1, t2 are signed ints, and you try to do multu, divu? a) Segmentation fault? b) Bus error? c) Green gecko? NO! None of the above! BIG IDEA: registers contain TYPELESS, MEANINGLESS BIT PATTERNS! Signed/unsigned/char/color is determined by instruction or operation

  8. t0 t2 t1 ‘h’ ‘e’ ‘y’ ‘s’ ‘o’ ‘d’ ‘a’ ‘\0’ Load byte, store byte lb $t0, 0($t1) ‘o’ ‘o’ ‘o’ ‘o’ sb $t0, 0($t2) Similar to lw, sw, except bytes instead of words

  9. t0 … 12 F7 F0 … t1 t2 Load byte unsigned lb $t1, 0($t0) F7 F7 FFFFFF F7 Sign-extended lbu $t2, 0($t0) 000000 F7 Zero-extended

  10. Big Ideas • Follow the procedure conventions and nobody gets hurt. • Data is just 1’s and 0’s, what it represents depends on what you do with it • M’Piero has returned to find Prof. Patterson, if he still lives!

  11. Summary of Instructions & Registers • Registers we know so far • $0, $at, $ra, $v_, $a_, $t_, $s_, $gp, $sp • Instructions we know so far • Arithmetic: add, addu, addi, addiu, sub, subu, mult, multu, div, divu, mflo, mfhi • Memory: lw, sw, lb, lbu, sb • Decision/Comparison: beq, bne, slt, sltu, slti, sltiu • Unconditional Branches (Jumps): j, jal, jr

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