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Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 267 Years

Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 267 Years. 2 nd non-Chinese Dynasty Manchus – Manchuria Qing – “Pure” Capital: Beijing Last dynasty of China. I. Qing Rule. Wanted to preserved their identity -intermarriage banned -kept their own clothing, food, language -govt./military

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Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 267 Years

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  1. Qing Dynasty 1644-1911267 Years • 2nd non-Chinese Dynasty • Manchus – Manchuria • Qing – “Pure” • Capital: Beijing • Last dynasty of China

  2. I. Qing Rule • Wanted to preserved their identity -intermarriage banned -kept their own clothing, food, language -govt./military -dual positions –Chinese/Manchu -forbade Chinese emigration into Manchuria

  3. Changes -Queues – pigtails -showed submission -forbade foot-binding -unsuccessful

  4. Korea Tibet Nepal Taiwan Burma Vietnam Laos Thailand Territorial Gains Xinjiang -Claimed control over

  5. Two Great Rulers Qian Long -Kang Xi’s grandson Kang Xi

  6. II. China and the West 1800’s Roots of Revolution/European Imperialism and Qing Decline • Policy of Isolation -West wants open door policy

  7. Opium Wars – British v. China • 1st Opium War 1840-1841 -cause: British selling opium in China -why?: trade imbalance -caused addiction ****Letter

  8. Treaty of Nanjing 1842 (Nanking) -”unequal treaty” – one sided - in favor of the British 1. British gains -trading rights in 5 ports -control of Hong Kong -99 yr. lease -expired July 1997 -”most favored nation” status

  9. 2nd Opium War 1858 - China lost - 10 more ports opened to British - opium legalized

  10. Other Gains 1. Extraterritoriality – foreign nationals can’t be tried in Chinese courts.

  11. U.S. wants “open door” policy - 1899 -U.S. Sec. of State John Hay -everyone has equal trading rights in the “spheres of influence” areas.

  12. China carved into “spheres of influence” Japan Taiwan (Formosa) France Vietnam Russia Manchuria/Xinjiang Portugal Macao (ret.1999) also Germany, Italy, Austria *U.S. Philippines

  13. Russia Japan Britain Portugal U.S. • Cause: loss of territories to foreigners III. Peasant Rebellions France

  14. Taiping Rebellion 1851-1864 • Internal dispute – peasant revolt • Goal: overthrow Qing Dynasty create equal society • Result: put down w/ the help of the gentry and the West (protect trade) -devastating effects/most destructive civil war in its history -20 to 30 million died

  15. B. Hundred Days of Reform 1898 • Emperor Guang Xu tried to modernize • Cixi stops reforms, seizes power, becomes Empress -rules for 2 yr. old emperor

  16. C. Boxer Rebellion 189955 days • Righteous Order of Harmonious Fists or “Boxers”– secret society

  17. Goal: drive out “foreign devils” their influence in areas such as trade, politics, religion (Christians) and technology • secretly encouraged by Empress Cixi

  18. Results: killed over 250 foreigners and tens of thousands of Chinese Christians -put down by international relief force from 8 countries (France, Russia, Britain, U.S., Italy, Japan, Germany, Austria) -”Open door” policy expanded to include all of China’s markets -indemnities: $333 million (silver) in war reparations – pd. over 39 yrs. at 4% int.

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