School Libraries: Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum

1. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum Bill Lukenbill, Professor Barbara Immroth, Professor School of Information University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas

2. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Importance of school libraries to health care information • The large number and wide distribution of school libraries make them potentially important points of dissemination of health information for youth and their caregivers.

3. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • International Governmental guidelines • UNESCO and school health • UNESCO for years has recognized the importance of health care for children and youth and the necessary role that schools play in improving health for youth (UNESCO).

4. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • American government guidelines: • “Healthy Youth: Coordinated School Health Program” (CSHP). • CSHP contains guidelines issued in the United States by the Division of Adolescent and School Health of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). • CSHP’s recommendations included:

5. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum CSHP. • Family community involvement • health promotion for staff • healthy school environment • counseling, psychological, & social services • nutrition services • health services • physical education

6. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum CSHP. • Recommends assistants in health education • Community agents • Teachers of subject areas • School administrators • Teacher-librarians are never mentioned. • This is a serious omission, but its offers teacher-librarians the opportunity to assert themselves into this dialogue.

7. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • American professional guidelines and standards • American Association of School Librarians. Standards for the 21st-Century Learner • Multiple literacies : digital, visual, textual, and technology skills • Inquire, think critically, and gain knowledge • Draw conclusions, make informed decisions, apply knowledge to new situations, and create new knowledge • Share knowledge and participate ethically and productively as members of our democratic society • Pursue personal and aesthetic growth.

8. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum AASL. • Based on measurable learning outcomes • Examples: • Standard 1. Inquire, think critically, and gain knowledge • Indicators: Students demonstrate self-confidence by making independent choices in the selection of resources and information. • Sample behavior: Student preview resources to decide which best satisfies information needs. • Students use strategies and criteria provided by the teacher or [teacher-librarian] and peers in selecting resources and information.

9. National Health Education Standards:Achieving Excellence. Joint Committee on National Health Education Standards, American Cancer Society.2nded., 2007. Presents action points and learning outcomes to ensure that learning takes place in U.S. schools. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum

10. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Standards are based on measureable achievements in acquiring health information. • Examples: • “Standard 3. Students will demonstrate the ability to access valid information and products and services to enhance health.” (p. 28) • Indicators: Pre-K-Grade 2 (ages 4-7) • Identify trusted adults and professionals who can help promote health • Indicators: Grade 3-5 (ages 8-10) • Identify characteristics of valid health information, products, and services.

11. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Health information and curriculum content: The UNESCO’s guidelines • Skill-based health education • A “how to do it” approach that encourages behavior changes • Promotes and develops knowledge, attitudes, values, and skills that are necessary to make good, positive, and life-long decisions about health.

12. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum Examples of skill-based health education in content areas: Social studies (UNESCO) Language and information literacy (UNESCO) Fictional literature and drama Biography as literature Music Health and physical education (UNESCO) Dance and sports.

13. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Examples of skill-based health education in • content areas (UNESCO): • SOCIAL STUDIES • Develops in student analytical skills related to: • Ideas about social living and cooperating • Living together and social and group dependency • Health and environment and responsibility to preserve a healthy environment • Rights and duties of citizens to encourage healthy living • Responsibility to respect differences in health conditions • Developing skills to understand the geography and history of health

14. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum SOCIAL STUDIES • Considering one’s immediate environments (e.g., home safety driving and driving responsibilities). • Studying the health of a community through demographic surveys and other basic research methods • Sharing information and promoting understanding of various views about lifestyles • Sharing information and customs regarding food and food practices • Developing empathy for others who suffer health problems.

15. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum SOCIAL STUDIES • Developing skills to understand the geography and history of health • Studying the health of a community through demographic surveys and other basic research methods • Sharing information and promoting understanding of various views about lifestyles • Developing empathy for others who suffer health problems • Considering one’s immediate environments (e.g., home safety, driving and driving responsibilities).

16. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • LANGUAGE AND INFORMATION LITERACY: • Develops in students skills that promote: • Health and health information through communication and understanding the language correctly, through grammar and correct usage • Listening, speaking, reading and writing effectively. • Using language as a tool for thinking and doing: finding, interpreting, and working with information and ideas • Writing used in observing, describing and recording • Information literacy skills in finding understanding and using information.

17. Examples of Resources for Skill-Based Health Curriculums

18. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • FICTIONAL LITERATURE AND DRAMA • Promotes understandingthe relationships between health and social life through fictional literature: • Character development • Plot and theme construction • Historical and social relationships to disease and health • Individualism and personal challenges of health and disease • Author interpretations and reflections on health and disease.

19. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Coerr, Eleanor. Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes. Puffin Books, 1999. Juv. • Hospitalized with the dreaded atom bomb disease, leukemia, a child in Hiroshima races against time to fold one thousand paper cranes to verify the legend that by doing so a sick person will become healthy. [LC record].

20. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Camus, Albert. The Plague. Vintage, 1991. Gr. 9-12. • "Set in Algeria, in northern Africa, The Plague is a powerful study of human life and its meaning in the face of a deadly virus that sweeps dispassionately through the city, taking a vast percentage of the population with it."

21. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Wilder, Thornton. Our Town: A Play in Three Acts. Harper, 1960. Gr. 9-12. • Our Town shows the character development and interactions between citizens of a common, everyday town in early twentieth century New England. • Act 3 deals with early death from childbirth

22. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Gibson, William. The Miracle Worker: A Play for Television. Knopf, 1957. Gr. 7-12. A play and later a movie based on the childhood of Helen Keller.

23. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum BIOGRAPHY AS LITERATURE • Biography adds to students’ personal understanding of the effects of health on human experiences. • Biography helps students reflect on the perceptions of persons who have lived life experiences (autobiography or personal narrative) • Biography helps students understand that others can write about another person’s life experiences, proving contexts and interpretations to other people lives.

24. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Lance Armstrong Foundation. Live Strong: Inspirational Stories from Cancer Survivors--from Diagnosis to Treatment and Beyond. Broadway Books, 2005. • "A compilation of candid stories, anecdotes, and essays by cancer survivors who discuss the impact of the disease on their lives covers relationships, employment discrimination, coping with medical bills, infertility, grief, and fear of recurrence." [LC card record].

25. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Reeve, Christopher. Still Me. Arrow, 1999. • "Through his leading role in four "Superman" films, Christopher Reeve became very closely identified with the superhero. But the riding accident which left him paralyzed from the neck down showed he wasn‘t superhuman. However, [he refused] to resign himself to the life of a quadriplegic." LC card description. Note: Reeve died of complications of his injuries in 2004.

26. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • MUSIC • Offers reflections on health issues through thematic interpretations found in music or in the lives of musicians themselves. • Provides students with a broad understanding of human experiences.

27. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Classical Music. • Classical music uses illness and health as major themes. • Biography is a good way to introduce youth to the world of classical music as well as highlighting health issues. • Teacher-librarians can provide some biographical information about classical musicians and outline some of the health problems that they faced and/or are now facing (Blackwood, 1988).

28. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum Popular Music Popular music is the medium of communication, recreation, and personal enjoyment of youth today. • Health information and health literacy through biography and themes are often found in popular music. • Students can read a biography of a popular musician who suffered or is suffering from disease and/or is differently-able (handicapped) in some way and write a description of how their health conditions influenced or is still influences their art. • Popular music entertainers who have struggled with health issues include: Elizabeth Newton Jones (Cancer), Martha Davis (Cancer), Johnny Ray (Deafness), Peter Townshend (Deafness due to exposure to loud music), and Stevie Wonder (Blindness). All of these personalities provide opportunities for research.

29. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Health problems faced by musicians • Voice maintenance, control of tone, projection, breathing, vocal strength, maintaining the quality of the voice over time • Development of nodules on the vocal cords • Lose or reduction in hearing due to loudness of music performances • Students can understand the physiology of the ear and how loud music can damage the ears’ ability to hear and judge sounds.

30. Kallen, Stuart A. Great Composers. Lucent Books, 2000. Includes information on: Johann Sebastian Bach -- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Ludwig van Beethoven -- Pyotr Ilich Tchaikovsky -- Giacomo Puccini --George and Ira Gershwin -- Andrew Lloyd Webber. Most of these great classical musicians faced health challenges some times during their lives. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum

31. Beyer, Mark. Stevie Wonder. Rock & Roll Hall of Famers. Rosen Central, 2002. “A biography of the blind composer, pianist, and singer whose musical ability, apparent since childhood, has earned him many awards” [LC record]. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum

32. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Pringle, Laurence P. Hearing. Benchmark Books, 2000. Juv. • “Describes the parts of the ear and how they function and discusses the way animals hear, maintaining balance, taking care of your hearing and more." LC catalog record].

33. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Dance, sports, music and injuries • Health concerns and injuries and how to prevent them can be used to show the close relationship between branches of the arts and athletics. • The following medical terms are associated with musicians, dancers, and athletes. Students can define and research these terms (Bursitis, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Hearing loss, Vocal nodules, Performance stress, Tendinitis, and Tenosynovitis).

34. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Barringer, Janice and Schlesinger, Sarah. The Pointe Book: Shoes, Training & Technique. 2nd ed. Princeton Book Co., 2004. Juv. • Begins with a brief history of pointe dancing, then looks carefully at issues such as training and injuries and their treatments.

35. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Thompson, Lauren and Estrin, James. Ballerina Dreams: A True Story. Feiwel and Friends. 2007. Juv. • True story of five little girls with cerebral palsy or other physical disabilities who were determined to become ballerinas.

36. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Barasch, Lynn. Knockin' on Wood: Starring Peg Leg Bates. Lee & Row, 2004. k-3. • "Present a picture book biography of Clayton "Peg Leg" Bates, an African American who lost his leg in a factory accident at the age of twelve and went on to become a world-famous tap dancer." [LC record].

37. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Armstrong, Lance and Jenkins, Sally. Every Second Counts. Broadway Books, 2003. Provides glimpse of his personal life, his love of speed, and his fight with cancer. • _____. It's Not about the Bike: My Journey Back to Life. Putnam, 2000. The world-champion cyclist recounts his diagnosis with cancer, the grueling treatments during which he was given a less than twenty percent chance for survival, his surprising victory in the 1999 Tour de France, and the birth of his son." [Publisher's summary].

38. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Mathematics and statistics (UNESCO) • Promotes in students: • Use of numbers • Weights and measurements • Estimating and recording data • General applications to healthy living: • medication measurements and timeframes for medicine use; body and weight monitoring; water and sanitation; nutrition and food intake calculations).

39. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum Minden, Cecilia. Breakfast by the Numbers. Real World Math. Health and Wellness; 21st Century Skills Library series. Cherry Lake Pub., 2008. Gr. 4-8, ages 9-13. “Readers will learn that a good breakfast is essential to good health. Healthy breakfast options are discussed along with ways to use real world math to make smarter choices for breakfast!” [Publisher description].

40. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum An in-depth understanding to Math is basic to health care professionals • Quadling, Douglas, and Neill, Hugh, Mathematics for the IB Diploma Standard Level. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press. 2007. Senior high. Mathematics for the IB Diploma Standard “Provide a wealth of practice [materials that] have been extensively tested in classrooms. All books in the series include: full coverage of the IB syllabus; past examination questions; revision sections at regular intervals; and a full answer key.

41. Benjamin-Lesmeistr, Michele. Math Principles and Practice: Preparing for Health Career Success 2nd. ed. Pearson Education, Inc., 2004. Senior high. “’Designed to provide basic math skills through a common sense, can-do approach’ which builds on basic skills to facilitate the learning of more complex math computations. Presents a sequence of skills, each one reinforced over and over through applications.” [Publisher description]. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum

42. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Roche, Susan, ed. Statistics. Figure It Out. series. Published for the [New Zealand] Ministry of Education by Learning Media, 2008. Gr. 5-9. • …Issued by the New Zealand Ministry of Education to provide support material for use in New Zealand’s year 7–8 classrooms. The books have been developed and tested by classroom teachers and mathematics educators …. The “curriculum-based lessons are designed by educators to help students understand and practice critical thinking and problem-solving skills in an engaging, self-paced learning environment.” A series for primary grades is also available. [Introduction from book].

43. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum • Develops skills to understand the geography and history of health. UNESCO Sherman, Irwin W. Twelve Diseases that Changed Our World. ASM Press, 2007. Ages 13-18. …Describes how bacteria, parasites, and viruses have swept through cities and devastated populations, felled great leaders and thinkers, and in their wake transformed politics, public health and economies…. Statement from U. S. News & World Report at http://health.usnews.com/articles/health/2008/01/03/12 History, geography, and demographics (UNESCO)

44. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum History, geography, and demographics Students study the health of a community through demographic surveys and other basic research methods. (UNESCO) • Snyder, Tom. Neighborhood MapMachine Deluxe, Mac Win. CD set. Distributed by Academic Superstore. Gr. 1-5. ... With this hands-on program, students create maps of their own neighborhoods, other communities, or imaginary places. As students create and navigate community maps, they learn challenging concepts such as grid coordinates, location, scale, and compass navigation. Students can customize maps with pictures, movies, and Web links; print maps in multiple sizes; or present them in a slideshow or on the Internet.” [Distributor description].

45. Real World Data series. Heinemann Library. Various dates. “Real World Data presents information about familiar curricular topics through charts and graphs. Each title in the [series] shows how to organize data in different visual forms, and how to interpret and create tables, line graphs, bar graphs, and pie charts....” [Publisher description]. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum

46. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum Health and Art Students: • Describe ways that art can be used to help persons who are ill or in emotional stress • Discuss in detail safety precautions that must be taken when using art supplies and technologies • Explain how art can be used to promote better health attitudes and behaviors • Discuss art as a means of celebrating the values of health care • Define medical anatomy and explain its relationships to art.

47. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum Health and Art (Painting, drawing, etc.) The Brownsburg Community School Corporation in Indiana expresses the concept in this way: Students understand the significance of visual art in relation to historical, social, political, spiritual, environmental, technological, and economic issues. Brownsburg Community School Corporation (Indiana) http://www.brownsburg.k12.in.us/curriculum/Elementary/VisualArts.

48. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum Hayes, Bill. The Anatomist : A True Story of Gray's Anatomy. Ballantine Books, 2008. The classic medical text known as Gray's Anatomy is one of the most famous books ever written. Science writer Bill Hayes has written the never-before-told story of how this seminal volume came to be. With passion and wit, Hayes explores the significance of Gray's Anatomy and explains why it came to symbolize a turning point in medical history.... [Publisher’s description].

49. School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum Currie-McGhee, L.K.Tattoos and Body Piercing. Lucent Books, 2006. Juv. Offers insight into the reason for tattoos and body piercings, who gets them, health issues, legal issues, and how to have them removed. [LC record].

50. Court, Rob. How to Draw People. Child's World, 2007. Juv. Shows how to draw people including a pilot, a chef, a small boy, an astronaut, and a soccer player. Emphasizes the human figure as art. [LC record] . School Libraries:Promoting Health Instruction throughout the Curriculum