1 / 14

Introduction to Sampling Distributions

Chapter 7. Introduction to Sampling Distributions. Understandable Statistics Ninth Edition By Brase and Brase Prepared by Yixun Shi Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania. Terms, Statistics & Parameters. Terms : Population, Sample, Parameter, Statistics. Why Sample?.

mleak
Télécharger la présentation

Introduction to Sampling Distributions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 7 Introduction to Sampling Distributions Understandable Statistics Ninth Edition By Brase and Brase Prepared by Yixun Shi Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania

  2. Terms, Statistics & Parameters Terms: Population, Sample, Parameter, Statistics

  3. Why Sample? At times, we’d like to know something about the population, but because our time, resources, and efforts are limited, we can take a sample to learn about the population.

  4. Types of Inference Estimation: We estimate the value of a population parameter. Testing: We formulate a decision about a population parameter. Regression: We make predictions about the value of a statistical variable.

  5. Sampling Distributions To evaluate the reliability of our inference, we need to know about the probability distribution of the statistic we are using. Typically, we are interested in the sampling distributions for sample means and sample proportions.

  6. The Central Limit Theorem (Normal) If x is a random variable with a normal distribution, mean = µ, and standard deviation = σ, then the following holds for any sample size:

  7. The Standard Error The standard error is just another name for the standard deviation of the sampling distribution.

  8. The Central Limit Theorem(Any Distribution) If a random variable has any distribution with mean = µ and standard deviation = σ, the sampling distribution of will approach a normal distribution with mean = µ and standard deviation = as n increases without limit.

  9. Sample Size Considerations For the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) to be applicable: If the x distribution is symmetric or reasonably symmetric, n≥ 30 should suffice. If the x distribution is highly skewed or unusual, even larger sample sizes will be required. If possible, make a graph to visualize how the sampling distribution is behaving.

  10. Critical Thinking Bias – A sample statistic is unbiased if the mean of its sampling distribution equals the value of the parameter being estimated. Variability – The spread of the sampling distribution indicates the variability of the statistic.

  11. If np > 5 and nq > 5, then can be approximated by a normal variable with mean and standard deviation and Sampling Distributions for Proportions

  12. Continuity Corrections Since is discrete, but x is continuous, we have to make a continuity correction. For small n, the correction is meaningful.

  13. Control Charts for Proportions Used to examine an attribute or quality of an observation (rather than a measurement). We select a fixed sample size, n, at fixed time intervals, and determine the sample proportions at each interval. We then use the normal approximation of the sample proportion to determine the control limits.

  14. P-Chart Example

More Related