Section 3- Reformation Ideas Spread

2. Section 3- Reformation Ideas Spread Radical Reformers • As Reformation continued, new protestant sects sprang up • Calvinists • Anabaptists • Anglicans Video Clip-Crash Course 7 min-15 minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE English reformation

3. 4 Section 3- Reformation Ideas Spread England and the Church In 1528, King Henry VIII asked the pope to annul, or cancel, his marriage. The pope refused Henry’s request. Henry took the Church from the pope’s control and created the Church of England. Protestant King Edward VI brought Protestant reforms to England. Queen Mary wanted to restore Catholicism to England. She had hundreds of English Protestants burned at the stake. Queen Elizabeth forged a compromise between Protestants and Catholics.

4. The English Reformation • 1527, Henry VIII, King of England • Wanted to end Papal control of English Church • Did not support the Reformation • Pope refused his annulment, or cancelation of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon • Did not want to insultH.R.E. Charles V, Catherine’s Nephew

5. Henry’s Papal Request • Catherine of Aragon could no longer bear children. • Henry decided that she had to go. • Henry asked the Pope for an “annulment.” • But the Pope could not give Henry what he wanted. • Since Catherine was the “favorite” Aunt of Charles V whose troops occupied Rome

6. Henry’s Response to the Pope’s Denial • When the Pope failed to respond, Henry took matters into his own hands. • Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy making the King the head of the Church in England not the Pope. • Henry then seized all Church lands. • Then the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer granted Henry’s annulment. • This freed Henry to marry Anne Boleyn. • Henry was married six times in all.

7. No Matter How Things Change, They Still Stay The Same • Henry was no Protestant. • Parliament passed the Six Articles that maintained traditional Catholic Doctrine. • Both Protestants and Catholics that challenged Henry met the same fate. • Only during the short reign of his son, Edward VI (1547-53) did England move in the direction of Protestantism.

8. The many wives of Henry Tudor • Wife #1 - Catherine of Aragon • Wife #2 - Anne Boleyn • Wife #3 - Jane Seymour • Wife #4 - Anne of Cleves • Wife #5 - Katherine Howard • Wife #6 - Katherine Parr

9. Victims of Secular-Religious Disputes • Sir Thomas More • Roman-Catholic / Advisor to Henry VIII • Refused Oath of Supremacy, 1534 • Executed in 1535 • “The King’s good servant, but God’s First.”

10. Religious Turmoil in England 1535-1558 • Henry VIII Establishes the Anglican Church- Church of England • Takes Catholic Land and wealth • 1547, Edward VI, Henry’s son moves for Protestant reform • After his death, his sister Mary Tudor is queen, restoring Catholicism • 1558, Queen Elizabeth (1533-1603) est. the Elizabethan Settlement- compromise between the protestants and Catholics

11. Videos • Henry VIII http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/henry-viii/videos/henry-viii • http://www.biography.com/people/henry-viii-9335322 • Pope Francis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnaZofMmqTo • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqzGvLJzbSk • Loyola https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r14Y_eRrHLg • 9 minutes in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIz_cz71ijI

12. Readings • http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/14/pope-francis-is-a-jesuit-seven-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-society-of-jesus.html • http://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2013/03/economist-explains-who-are-jesuits-exactly\

13. The Catholic Reformation • Led by Pope Paul III • During 1530s-1540 placed reformers to fight corruption • Council of Trent- 1545-1563- Fought corruption, re-affirmed faith and good works as paths to salvation, est. schools to educate clergy and laity • Strengthened The Inquisition- testimony, torture, and execution to root out heretics

14. The Jesuits/ The Society of Jesus • Founded by Ignatius of Loyola • Recog. by Pope Paul III as a holy order in 1540 • A Soldier by profession, he became a “Soldier of God” after a battle wound • Set up school- taught humanist and Catholic beliefs to battle heresy and Protestantism • Known for Absolute obedience, strict discipline, and intense knowledge. (They went to school for 10-12 years before ordination)

15. Vision of St. Ignatius of Loyola Peter Paul Rubens 1617-1618

16. Famous Jesuits

17. Pope Francis • http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/pope-francis-surprises-the-world-with-groundbreaking-interview/ • http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/pope-francis-hits-controversial-topics-during-first-morning-in-u-s/ • http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/pope-francis-and-the-francis-effect/ • Pope Francis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnaZofMmqTo • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqzGvLJzbSk • Loyola https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r14Y_eRrHLg • 9 minutes in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIz_cz71ijI

18. Section 4 Violence and Persecution • From 1400 to1700 A.D.- 70,000-100,000 people were executed as witches • Those accused were Jews, outcasts, strangers, and the elderly. • Witch panics were most times political- Which Christian group (Protestants or Catholics) was going to protect towns from the Devil? • Centers of Witch hunts- France, Germany, and Switzerland

19. Game • Video- Pear of Anguish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Umrc9BBaRTY Inquisition torture techniques  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GPFjW60ip4 • History Mysteries - Inquisition- 2 minutes in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BPOA9PhrVmw Witch Hunt – Germany 1628: http://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/witch/hunt/index.html

20. Jews and The Reformation • Widespread Persecution • Expelled from Spain in 1492 • Forced into Ghettos, Jewish Quarter of a city, in Protestant and Catholic Lands • After 1550, The Netherlands, Poland, and Ottoman Empire welcomed Jews and allowed them to prosper.

22. Violence- France • Civil War in France • August 24, 1572-Paris, France- St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre • Charles IX of France- on the orders of his mother Catherine de Medici orders attack • Due to a marriage between catholic princess Margaret and Huguenot Prince Henry III, many Huguenots were in the city of Paris • Igniting a civil war in France until 1598 • 1598- Edict of Nantes granted religious freedom in France

23. Painting by François Dubois, a Huguenot painter born circa 1529 in Amiens, who settled in Switzerland. Although Dubois did not witness the massacre, he depicts Admiral Coligny's body hanging out of a window at the rear to the right. To the left rear, Catherine de' Medici is shown emerging from the Louvre castle to inspect a heap of bodies.

24. St. Bartholomew’s day massacre • http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/saint-bartholomews-day-massacre

25. Catherine de Medici After St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

26. Thirty Years War- 1618-1648 A.D.

27. Violence- H.R.E.- Thirty Years War • Peace of Augsburg -1555 temporary peace in Holy Roman Empire between the Catholics and Protestants • 1618-1648 A.D. -War waged between protestants, Calvinist-Protestants, and Catholic states within the H.R.E. • Involved Sweden, France, Spain and Austria all waging campaigns primarily on German soil. • Led to collapse of the Holy Roman Empire • Death of 20-40% of German Population- Disease, war, and pillaging • Gunpowder and canon technology was used on a mass scale. • Barbarity of the war convinced Catholics and Protestants to finally end their grudges – Peace of Westphalia in 1648

28. Violence- England vs. Spain

29. Violence- England vs. Spain • English Protestant Support for Protestant Netherlands against Catholic Spanish Control • King Phillip II of Spain- sends the “Invincible Armada” in 1588 for the overthrow of Queen Elizabeth I and the conquest of England - 132 ships - 30,000 sailors and marines • Superior British ships and Officers win- British supremacy of the seas for the next 350 years https://www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/Spanish-Armada-Preparing-to-Attack-England

30. Effects of the Reformation • Emerging idea of Individual rights • Growing National Identity- No longer people see themselves as subjects of the Pope and God, but as subjects of nations and kings • Collapse of the Holy Roman Empire • Education- People had to learn how to read the bible in order to be good Christians • Religious and Secular motivated wars throughout Europe • Catholic Reformation • Expulsion of Jews from Western Europe/ migration to Eastern Europe • Increased Anti-Semitism- Intolerance of Jews in Europe • Growing desire for people to understand the natural world- increasing growth of Science

31. Elizabeth Video Clips • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMpigAUQt_4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhwMosZCL7c • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-7GoyusdtQ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wNboYbgYjo

32. 4 Causes and Effects of the Protestant Reformation Immediate Effects Long-Term Effects Peasants’ Revolt Founding of Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Presbyterian, and other Protestant churches Weakening of Holy Roman Empire Luther calls for Jews to be expelled from Christian lands Religious wars in Europe Catholic Reformation Strengthening of the Inquisition Jewish migration to Eastern Europe Increased antisemitism

33. 4 Major European Religions about 1600