1. Enlightenment Ideas Spread Chapter 2 Section 2

2. Focus Question • As Enlightenment ideas spread across Europe, what cultural and political changes took place?

3. New Ideas Challenge Society • Writers faced censorship • Governments and churches to secure order would censor information • Burning books & imprisoning writers • To avoid censorship Montesquieu and Voltaire would disguise their work as fiction.

4. New Ideas Challenge Society Cont. • Ideas Spread in Salons • Informal gatherings, usually in homes, where philosophy, art, & literature would be discussed. • Madame Geoffrin ran one of the most respected salons. Mozart would play for her guests.

5. Arts and Literature Reflect New Ideas From Grandeur to Charm • The move from Louis XIV baroque style to Louis the XV rococo style of art and architecture. • The Baroque style was large, colorful, and portrayed battles or lives of saints • Rococo was lighter, elegant, and charming. Was criticized as being superficial

6. Art and Literature Reflect New Ideas Continued Enlightenment Inspires Composers • When moving from Baroque to Rococo the music style known as “Classical” followed. • Composers such as Bach, Handel and Mozart became popular • Opera houses, Ballets, plays set to music were all popular amongst the royal courts

7. Example of Baroque Art • Picture by Rembrandt

8. Example of Rococo Style

9. Art and Literature Reflect New Ideas Continued The Novels Take Shape • by 1700’s literature found a wider audience with the middle class. • Outpouring of novels, long works fiction emerged • Robinson Crusoe by Defoe was about a shipwrecked sailor on a tropical Island

10. Enlightenment Despots Embrace New Ideas • Enlightenment despots were absolute rulers that used their power to create social or political change • Frederick II (Frederick the Great) –King of Prussia 1740-1786 saw himself as “first servant of the state” • Frederick II openly praised Voltaire's work • Reduced the use of torture & allowed free press

11. Catherine the Great studies Philosophes’ Works • Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia (1762) read the work of philosophers and exchanged letters with Voltaire & Diderot • She believed in the ideas of equality and liberty • She abolished torture and established religious tolerance

12. Joseph II Continues Reform • Son of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria • Was the most radical of Enlightenment Despots • He would travel in disguises to learn of problems. • Supported religious equality for Protestants and Jews in a Catholic Empire • Allowed free press, abolished serfdom

13. Lives of the Majority Change Slowly • Most Europeans were untouched by either courtly or middle class. Most remained peasants living in small villages • By the late 1700’s radical ideas about equality and social justice reached their villages • By 1800’s war, political upheaval, & economic conditions will transform peasant life in Europe.