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Spread of Enlightenment Ideas

Spread of Enlightenment Ideas. Chapter 5, Section 2. Enlightened despots – monarchs who developed a system of government in which they ruled according to Enlightenment ideas. . Prussia. Ruler: Frederick II

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Spread of Enlightenment Ideas

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  1. Spread of Enlightenment Ideas Chapter 5, Section 2

  2. Enlightened despots – monarchs who developed a system of government in which they ruled according to Enlightenment ideas.

  3. Prussia • Ruler: Frederick II • Before: believed that it was duty to rule with absolute power to build Prussia’s strength • After: Reforms he implemented • Elementary education • Abolished torture • Religious toleration • Reduced censorship

  4. Prussia (cont.) Was Frederick II and Prussia really enlightened? • Reforms limited • No religious toleration to Jews • Opposed but didn’t abolish serfdom

  5. Russia • Ruler: Catherine II aka Catherine the Great • Before: Czars failed before her, she wanted to establish order and justice as well as new ideas • After: reforms she implemented • Voltaire and Diderot • Drafted a Russian constitution and code of laws • Wanted to free the serfs

  6. Russia (cont.) Was Catherine II and Russia really enlightened? • Reforms limited • Laws and constitution was seen as too liberal and did not pass • Didn’t free the serfs for fear of loosing noble support • Became a tyrant

  7. Austria • Ruler: Joseph II • Before: Maria Theresa read and considered enlightenment ideas, but no real implementation of ideas • After: Very ambitious • Eliminated torture and death penalty • Free food and medicine for the poor • Religious toleration for Jews and Protestants • Abolished serfdom

  8. Austria (cont.) Did Joseph II’s policies work? • Reforms limited • Reforms resisted by nobility and the church • Had him reverse some of his reforms

  9. Where the Enlightened Despots truly enlightened?

  10. Influence Spreads • Summarize what enlightenment ideas are present in each document and who they are by. • What ideas are represented in both documents? • Which ideas do you think were most important and why?

  11. Forming a New Government • Began with the Articles of Confederation • Weak national government • Heated debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists • Federalists – • in favor of a more centralized government • Followers – Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay • Anti-Federalists – • in favor of states having more power • Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine

  12. The Constitution • federal system – certain powers held by federal government, others reserved for state governments • 3 Branches of Government • Executive • Legislative • Judicial • checks and balances • Bill of Rights • First 10 Amendments • Basic freedoms based on natural rights

  13. Document Comparison • What basic enlightenment ideas do many of these documents have in common? Why? • Which ideas are the most important and why?

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