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The French Revolution

The French Revolution. The Three Estates. Tale of the Times in France. Political Problems Economic Problems Social Problems. Political Problems. Young King Louis XVI takes power in 1774 (20 yrs) Forgetful of State Problems (led to starvation, taxation…) Loved door locks. The Marriage.

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The French Revolution

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  1. The French Revolution The Three Estates

  2. Tale of the Times in France • Political Problems • Economic Problems • Social Problems

  3. Political Problems • Young King Louis XVI takes power in 1774 (20 yrs) • Forgetful of State Problems (led to starvation, taxation…) • Loved door locks.

  4. The Marriage • Married Marie Antonia (Antoinette in French) of Austria. • Both very young (Louis = 15 and Marie = 14) • Spent too much money (aka “Madam Deficit”) • Sexual Problems leads to no Children at first…and public ridicule.

  5. 12 yrs old 15 yrs old

  6. Marie Antoinette with her 4 children?

  7. Economic Problems • War causes national debt(French and Indian War, The American Revolution) • Opulent Spending(Castles, Parties…) • Kings before, and including, Louis XVI tried to reform the tax system • Each attempt was denied by the Parlement of Paris.

  8. The “impossible situation” • State Expenditures in France (1780s) • 50% was spent on paying off loans and the increasing national debt. • 25% was spent on the military. • 6% went to the King and Queen to support their extravagant life styles. • Less than 20% was used for general functions – Transportation – Political Administrations.

  9. Social Problems * • Life Divided into Three Estates (Classes) • First Estate (privileged) • Second Estate (privileged) • Third Estate

  10. First Estate • The Church or the Clergy(2 % of Population) • Owned 10% of all Land • Privileged class(Paid no taxes, gave an one time annual payment to the King)

  11. Second Estate • The Nobles(1 % of Population) • Owned 25% of all land • Privileged class (Paid “light” Taxes, Nobles taxed their peasants)

  12. The Nobles – A divided class • Noblese de Epee (Sword) • The old Knights • Noblese de Robe (Cloth) • Paid money to be part of the Noble Class

  13. The Third Estate • The Commoners - 24.5 million people (98% of the population) • A class of diversity = • Wealthy Middle Class, Middle Class (bourgeoisie) • Working Class • Peasants • Lots of social restrictions, paid all taxes.

  14. Separate Classes, Same Desires • The Nobility and the Bourgeoisies are on a parallel path. • The Noble Estate remained open for access, not a clear division. • Both are looking to economic advantages. • Both are inspired by education and the enlightenment. • Both frustrated with the King and his claim to Absolute Power.

  15. Problems Spawn Resentment • Third Estate slowly develops a hatred for first two Estates. • France has no true equality, fairness, or justice.

  16. The X-Factor • The Enlightenment • Ideas from Locke, Voltaire and Rousseau offered hope for the Third Estate. • Could this situation be resolved like the Americans; through Revolution?

  17. Read Document • What is the Third Estate? • By Abbe Emmanuel Joseph Seiyes

  18. Major Events: • Tennis Court Oath – June 20th 1789 • Fall of the Bastille – July 14th 1789 • The Great Gear – July-August 1789 • Women’s March to Versailles – October 5, 1789 • Royal Family Arrested – June 1790 • Austria and Prussia issue the Declaration of Pillnitz – August 1792 • France declares war on Austria – April 1792 • The Second (Radical Phase) Revolution Begins • Louis XVI is Executed - 1793

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