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Enhancing Indoor Air Quality: Strategies for Contaminant Control and Building Maintenance

This comprehensive guide details methods for achieving and maintaining acceptable Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) by controlling contaminants in buildings. It highlights advanced strategies, such as source control, ventilation, and filtration, and emphasizes a holistic, integrated design approach involving diverse stakeholders. Key considerations include outdoor air pollutants, occupant-related sources, and building materials. By utilizing proper filtration and air cleaning technologies, and involving experts from various fields, facilities can improve indoor air conditions, ensuring a healthier environment for occupants.

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Enhancing Indoor Air Quality: Strategies for Contaminant Control and Building Maintenance

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  1. Keeping Buildings Clean Building-in Control of Contaminants to Attain and Maintain IAQ Acceptability H. E. Barney Burroughs 770 594 1877 heburroughs@mindspring.com

  2. What Makes the IAQDG So Special? • Long Overdue with Advanced Tactics • Standard 62=Minimum Code • Focus on Ventilation • The Sponsorships with ASHRAE as Lead • EPA, ACCA, AIA, SMACNA, BOMA, GBC • The Scope • Holistic • Integrated Design • Moisture, microbial, envelope, pressure, filtration, hvac, ventilation, contaminants, humidity, commissioning, maintenance • The Team • Region IV consulting eng participants=humidity awareness • Experts from each of the above fields =VALUE ($29 till Jan 1 ‘11)

  3. CONTAMINANT CONTROL STRATEGIES • Source Control • Elimination/isolation • Ventilation • Dilution • Filtration and Air Cleaning • Extraction

  4. OUTDOOR SOURCES OF CONTAMINANTS • Outdoor Air Pollutants • Particulates • VOCs • CO • Ozone • SOx • Moisture • Soil Gas • Cross Contaminates • Exhaust • Neighboring sources

  5. Pathways of Contaminant Introduction • Ventilation—Pumping • Walk-in—Carrying • Infiltration--Leaking

  6. WHY OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY IS CRITICAL

  7. COMPLICATIONS OF TYPICAL OUTDOOR AIR AT SITE OR LOCALE • Urban Traffic • Busy Airport • Non-compliant NAAQS • Elevated Ozone • Soil Out Gassing • High Pollen Counts • High Temperature and Humidity • Adjacent sources

  8. Urban Traffic

  9. Busy Airport

  10. Ozone and Smaze

  11. Prior Steel Mill Site

  12. Radon

  13. Spring Pollen

  14. INDOOR SOURCES OF CONTAMINANTS: OCCUPANT RELATED • Occupants • Body chemistry, personal hygiene, shedding • Occupant Activities • Recreation, art, science • Career Aids and Devices • Computers, printing • Purposeful Activities • Cleaning, cooking, insect control, redecorating

  15. INDOOR SOURCES OF CONTAMINANTS:BUILDING--RELATED • Building Materials • Manufactured Lumber • Ceiling Tile (secondary source) • Floor and Wall Coverings (secondary source) • Finishes and Coatings • IT Equipment and Related • Desks, Furnishings, Fixtures

  16. SOURCE CONTROL STRATEGIES • Control intrusion of radon and soil gases • Soil depressurization • Provide effective track off systems • Avoid walk-in contaminants and moisture • Minimize IAQ impact of cleaning • Selection of low maintenance surfaces • Provide local capture and point-source exhaust of contaminants • Locate outdoor intake • Avoid exhaust cross-over

  17. SOURCE CONTROL STRATEGIES-more • Control emissions through material and component selection • Employ pre-installation venting and airing out of components • Employ initial flush out of building

  18. SOURCE CONTROL STRATEGIES:COMPONENT SELECTION • Review MSDS for chemical content • Review component out-gassing test and rate data • Identify Contaminants of Concern (CoC) • Select Cognizant Authority to determine exposure limit(s) of acceptability

  19. MATERIAL SELECTION APPLIED

  20. FILTRATION AND AIR CLEANING (FAC):Using FAC for IAQ Enhancement • Improving Polluted Outdoor Air • Ozone and acid gas control • PM2.5 • Keeping Building Surfaces Cleaner • HVAC distribution • Reduction of COC • Viable/pathogenic particles • Treating of Troublesome Exhaust • Augmenting Ventilation using the IAQ P

  21. FAC AT WORK

  22. Archives-Content Protection

  23. CONFERENCE CENTER/HOTELOdor Control

  24. GETTING TO KNOW “MERV” • Minimum Efficiency after Conditioning • Specific size fractions • Over the entire loading curve • Provides easy selection from Composite Curve=MERV • MERV=Efficiency only • Life cycle • Space • Pressure drop/energy

  25. TYPICAL COMPOSITE CURVE *Permission granted by ASHRAE, Standard 52.2-2007, Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size

  26. GETTING TO KNOW AIR CLEANING • Sorption is chemical specific and sorbent specific and it depends….. • Concentration and dwell time prevail • Life cycle is variable and unpredictable • ASHRAE Standard 145.1 published and 145.2 in publication

  27. GETTING THE MOST OUT OF YOUR FILTER SELECTION—A BALANCING ACT • Look at. . . • Footprint • Pressure drop • Gasketing and seal • Filter bank location • Filter bank sizing • Life cycle costing • Pre-filtration

  28. EMPLOYING FAC WITH THE IAQ PROCEDURE • FAC augments/replaces ventilation • Acceptable in Standard 62 since 1981 • Requires more engineering rigor and evaluation • Requires variance from most code authorities • Enables energy reduction and operational savings

  29. WHEN BEST TO CONSIDER THE IAQ PROCEDURE • Outdoor air is unreliable • High internal contaminant load requires excessive ventilation • CoC are known and measurable • People load is dense and diverse • Outdoor air has high humidity and temperature extremes • Enhanced FAC already employed

  30. APPLYING THE IAQP$12,000/yr

  31. Sports Arena/$1,256,000/yr

  32. HIGH-RISE ATRIUM HOTEL $105,000/yr

  33. LOW-RISE ATRIUM HOTEL $10,000/yr

  34. OFFICE TOWER/$9600/yr

  35. SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS for FAC • Consider Contamination Control Throughout • Apply Source Control Tactics first • Apply Ventilation with Knowledge • Employ Enhanced FAC Efficiency • Never Apply FAC without Seal • Consider FAC Life Cycle Cost • With enhanced FAC is used, consider the IAQP

  36. SUMMARY OF IAQDG • Thorough coverage of influencing factors • Holistic approach to design and prevention • Practical “how to” on prevention tactics • Use of case studies as illustrative teaching • Focus on sustainability, energy, and life-cycle cost • Great overall value and cost (remember $29)

  37. The IAQ Design Guide is a Winner Because It Recognizes……… • IAQ is contaminant control—not just ventilation • Source control first • Ventilation + filtration and air cleaning • Good air quality sets the standard for quality control throughout the construction paradigm • Commissioning required throughout the process

  38. The IAQ Design Guide is a Winner Because It Recognizes……… • Fixing the cause—not the effect • Mold/effect=moisture management/the cause • Site, envelope, and outdoor air to pressure barriers and humidity control • Existing technologies and products applied properly =better IAQ and sustainability • Pressurization and balancing • Equipment selection • Commissioning • Filtration and air cleaning

  39. The IAQ Design Guide is a Winner Because It Recognizes……… • Good air quality is a design process, not a single metric or measurement • Good IAQ can be sustained in balance with energy conservation • Source control rather than ventilation • Positive pressure means less infiltration and uncontrolled energy loss • Filtration through IAQ Procedure • Superior building performance yields energy efficiency

  40. CONTACT H. E. Barney Burroughs Building Wellness Consultancy, Inc. 225 Mt. Ranier Way, Alpharetta, GA 30022 heburroughs@mindspring.com 770 594 1877

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