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Monitoring Faults

Monitoring Faults. I. Devices That Monitor Faults. A. Introduction 1. Scientists use instruments to measure stress and deformation in crust 2. Most earthquakes strike without warning, so these devices are used to help monitor faults. B. Creep Meters

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Monitoring Faults

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  1. Monitoring Faults

  2. I. Devices That Monitor Faults A. Introduction 1. Scientists use instruments to measure stress and deformation in crust 2. Most earthquakes strike without warning, so these devices are used to help monitor faults

  3. B. Creep Meters 1. Uses a wire stretched across a fault & is attached to a weight 2. Geologists determine how much the fault has moved based on how much the weight has moved

  4. C. Laser Ranging Devices 1. Uses a laser beam to detect tiny fault movement 2. Movement is determined by the amount of time it takes for the laser to reflect back to the station

  5. D. Tilt Meter 1. Determines upward or downward movement at a fault 2. Consists of two bulbs connected by a tube 3. Movement is determined by the amount of fluid in each bulb

  6. E. Satellite Monitors 1. Satellites send radio waves to the ground that bounce back to the satellite 2. Based on the amount of time it takes to travel back and forth, an image is created 3. Geologists compare images of the earth to determine fault movement

  7. II. Monitoring Risk in the United States A. Earthquakes are Unpredictable 1. Usually stress increases, then an earthquake occurs 2. Sometimes stress continues to build without an earthquake occurring (eventually an earthquake will probably occur)

  8. B. Determining Earthquake Risk 1. Most earthquakes occur where active faults are found (usually closer to plate boundaries) or previous earthquakes have occurred 2. Most earthquakes in the US occur in California and Alaska (along plate boundaries)

  9. C. Earthquakes in the Rest of the United States 1. Most of the North American Plate is under stress 2. Stress can disturb faults that formed millions of years ago

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