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Economies of the ME & NA

Explore the rich history, diverse cultures, and economic potential of the Middle East & North Africa region, encompassing Arab countries, non-Arab countries, and North African nations. From being the cradle of civilization to a hub of trade and conflict, discover the commonalities and differences shaping the region's past, present, and future.

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Economies of the ME & NA

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  1. Economies of the ME & NA Introduction

  2. Why the Middle East?

  3. Geography The Middle or Near East: • Arab countries: Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Palestinian Authority, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yemen • Non-Arab countries:Cyprus, Iran, Israel, Turkey

  4. Geography North Africa: • Arab countries: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia

  5. Geography Regions: • Arabian Peninsula • Iranian Plateau • Anatolian Plateau • Fertile Crescent & Mesopotamia

  6. Geography Waters: • Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf • Read Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea • Nile River, Jordan River, Tigris & Euphrates Rivers

  7. History 5500 B.C. to 2004 A.D. • Sumerian & Akkadian • Babylonian & Neo-Babylonian • Persian, Greek & Roman • Arabian & Mongolian • Saavid & Ottoman • Independent nation states

  8. Regional Characteristics The Crossroad • The world’s island • The tri-continental hub of Asia, Africa, and Europe • The Silk Road

  9. Regional Characteristics The Cradle of Civilization • Beginning of human civilization with major development in agriculture, science, literature, and urbanization

  10. Regional Characteristics The Birthplace • Judaism (5700+ years) • Mithraism & Zoroastrianism (5000 & 3500 years) • Christianity (2000+ years) • Islam (1400+ years) • The Bahai Faith (100 years)

  11. Regional Characteristics The Arc of Crisis • Military conflict from the pre-historic to the present time

  12. Regional Characteristics Large Population • Over 300 million people living in 22 countries and millions of immigrants living outside the region

  13. Rich Natural Resources • Over 60% of the world’s oil reserves • About 50% of the world’s oil supply • Reserves of natural gas, copper, iron ore, zinc, lead, etc.

  14. Regional Characteristics Trade & Commerce • Exporting natural resources and human resources • Importing capital and consumer goods and military equipment & services

  15. Regional Similarities Common History • The Persian Empire • The Arab Empire • The Ottoman Empire

  16. Regional Similarities Common Culture • Language: Arabic, Farsi, Turkish • Religion: Islam, Christianity, Judaism

  17. Regional Similarities Third World Nations • Economic problems: poverty, income inequality, dependence on exports • Social problems: gender and ethnic discrimination, inefficient governments

  18. Regional Similarities Military Conflict • Arab-Israeli conflict (1948, 1956, 1967, 1973, 1982, on-going) • Iran-Iraq War (1980-88) • Persian Gulf War (1991) • Iraq Invasion (2003-present)

  19. Regional Differences Country Size in Area • Large: Sudan, Saudi Arabia • Small: Lebanon, Kuwait

  20. Regional Differences Population • Large: Egypt, Iran, Turkey • Small: Qatar, Kuwait, UAE • Medium: Algeria, Morocco, Iraq

  21. Regional Differences Urbanization • Rural: Sudan, Yemen, Libya • Urban: Kuwait, UAE, Qatar

  22. Regional Differences Economic Size • Affluent: UAE, Saudi Arabia • Less fortunate: Sudan, Yemen

  23. Regional Differences Government • Democratic & Non-secular: Tunisia, Turkey • Autocratic & Secular: Saudi Arabia, Iran

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