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Explore the dynamics of population genetics, from gene pools to genetic equilibrium. Learn about allele frequencies, genetic drift, and mechanisms like bottleneck and founder effects. Discover how genetic variation is crucial for adaptation and evolution in changing environments.
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Directions: • Title pg. 97 “Evolution of Populations” • Divide your page 97 into 10 different boxes. • Number the boxes 1-10
#1 Population- group of organisms of the same species that interbreed
#2 Gene Pool- all the genes (alleles) present within a population
Important! #3 • Natural selection works on the phenotype, not the genotype!
#4 Allele Frequency (Relative)- the number of times an allele will appear in a gene pool R R R r r r Total- 6 R- 3 50% r- 3 50%
#4 What are the allele frequencies? R- 48 r- 52 “R” has an allele frequency of 48% “r” has an allele frequency of 52%
#5 What can introduce variation into a population? Mutation Gene Shuffling from Independent Assortment
#6 Genetic Variation is important! Why?! -enables greater survival in a changing environment
#7 Genetic Equilibrium- -When allele frequencies remain the same. -No change, no evolution
Genetic Equilibrium Requirements #8 1)Random mating 2) Large population 3) No immigration or emigration 4)No mutations 5) No natural selection
#9 Genetic Drift- Random change in allele frequency due to small populations No benefit nor harm
#10 How does Genetic Drift occur? Bottleneck Effect: only a few survivors from an original population contribute their alleles
#10 2) Founder Effect: A subgroup of the population immigrates to and colonizes a new area, changing allele frequencies.
Types of Evolution: Adaptive Radiation One species can evolve into many diverse forms