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Peer Review and Publication

Peer Review and Publication. -means by which science is communicated and how science makes progress (new discoveries build upon those of the past). -absolutely critical…and also subject to several ethical issues.

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Peer Review and Publication

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  1. Peer Review and Publication -means by which science is communicated and how science makes progress (new discoveries build upon those of the past). -absolutely critical…and also subject to several ethical issues.

  2. -first step of your research is a literature review…so that you know what has been done in the past. -for the published literature to be dependable, there must be a system of quality control… …this is the peer review process. -not perfect, has several weaknesses, is not uniform, not always friendly to truly new discoveries… …but is the best we have

  3. Importance of peer review • Disseminate dependable, truthful information -legal profession puts heavy emphasis on peer reviewed publications. • Prevent fraud and misleading information -does not always accomplish this • Provides a body of valid data for regulatory, health and legal decisions.

  4. 4. Important to professional evaluations of job performance and personal advancement -some variation in different organizations 5. Necessary part of research proposal review and decisions on funding of research grants. So, in order to critically evaluate published papers, it’s important to understand the peer review process to better understand (and look for) weaknesses

  5. What is the process? • Write! (And, read a lot so that you can write well). a. the title is critical (communication, attention, search engines) b. introduction makes your first impression and should tell a story and pose a question to be answered (objectives, hypothesis) c. discuss, don’t repeat, results in discussion d. tables and figures must stand alone (be fully understood by themselves)

  6. e. concentrate on…and use…the rules of language. f. be careful about self-citation g. follow the style guide carefully for the journal selected -appropriate journal -most prestigious possible -consider “impact factors” and journal rankings (Thomson Reuters) h. have colleagues read your draft

  7. 2. Submit to major prof., supervisor, boss, etc. 3. Revise…and think about the changes, especially references -don’t take anything personally 4. Re-submit, re-revise as much as needed

  8. 5. Send to journal editor -preliminary review, selection of reviewers (2-3) -usually anonymous -some journals ask for suggestions or for those you do NOT want as reviewers-absolutely critical decision 6. Receive reviewers recommendations (accept as is, accept with minor changes, accept with major changes, reject, and comments) -several concerns here: anonymous reviewers (accountability), confidentiality, civility, bias, incompetence, delays (deliberate or not)

  9. 7. Revise…if you are lucky…or good! -must make suggested changes or justify -rejection rate is 50%-80% for the best journals 8. Galley proofs… 9. Publication!!!...probably 6-12 months after submission -electronic systems are shortening the time lag

  10. Several journals, most notably, the Journal of the American Medical Association have tried to study peer review…with a scientific approach. Please read JAMA 295(3):314-317 (2006), and 295(14): 1675-1680 (2006) Google JAMA (not available electronically in the Parks library) to find the above articles.

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