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Unit Two The Dinner Party Mona Gardner

Unit Two The Dinner Party Mona Gardner. This is a narration( 记叙文 ). The story happened in India when it was a British colony( 殖民地 ). In a dinner party, there was a heated discussion about brave. And the debate was settled in a rather unexpected way. Warming-up Questions

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Unit Two The Dinner Party Mona Gardner

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  1. Unit Two The Dinner PartyMona Gardner

  2. This is a narration(记叙文). The story happened in India when it was a British colony(殖民地). In a dinner party, there was a heated discussion about brave. And the debate was settled in a rather unexpected way.

  3. Warming-up Questions • What is bravery in your mind? • Do you think you are brave? • Who is brave in your mind? • Do you think men are braver than women?

  4. True courage is cool and calm. The bravest of men have the least of a brutal(粗野), bullying(欺负的) insolence(傲慢), and in the very time of danger are found the most serene(平静的)and free. 真正的勇敢是冷静和沉着.最勇敢的人最少粗野和无理;身临险境,会表现得格外镇定自如.

  5. Background Information • India • Cobra

  6. 印度是世界四大文明古国之一. 公元前4世纪崛起的孔雀王朝开始统一印度次大陆,公元前3世纪阿育王统治时期疆域广阔,政权强大,佛教兴盛并开始向外传播。 中世纪小国林立,印度教兴起。自11世纪起,来自西北方向的穆斯林民族不断入侵并长期统治印度。1526年建立莫卧儿帝国,成为当时世界强国之一。

  7. 1600年英国侵入,建立东印度公司。1772年,英国任命了驻印度的第一位总督,从而正式将印度纳入其殖民地。 1947年6月,英将印度分为印度和巴基斯坦两个自治领。同年8月15日,印度在与巴基斯坦分治后实现独立。1950年1月26日,印度宣布成立印度共和国。

  8. 自上而下由橙、白、绿三 个相等的横长方形组成, 旗面中心绘有24根轴条 的蓝色法轮。橙色是教士 法衣的颜色,也是舍身为 国的英雄们的颜色,象征 勇气、献身与无私;白色 代表了真理与和平,而绿色则代表繁荣、信心与人类的生 产力。法轮是印度孔雀王朝鼎盛的阿育王时代佛教圣地石 柱柱头的狮首图案之一,神圣的法轮象征着真理与道德, 也代表了印度古老的文明。法轮的24根轴条则可代表一天 的24小时,象征国家时时都向前进。

  9. 国徽图案来源于孔雀王朝阿育王石柱顶端的石刻。圆形台基上站立着四只金色的狮子,象征信心、勇气和力量。台基四周有四国徽图案来源于孔雀王朝阿育王石柱顶端的石刻。圆形台基上站立着四只金色的狮子,象征信心、勇气和力量。台基四周有四 个守卫四方的守兽:东方是象、 南方是马、西方是牛,北方是 狮。守兽之间雕有法轮。图案 下面有句用梵文书写的、出自 古代印度圣书的格言“唯有真理 得胜”。

  10. India(The Republic of India 印度共和国) 别名“婆罗多”,以前 称“天竺”或“身毒”. 梵文中“印度” 是 “月亮”的意思. 印度以荷花为国花, 蓝孔雀为国鸟, 菩提树为国树. 首都在新德里 (New Delhi)

  11. 蓝孔雀是一种象征吉祥如意的幸福鸟。印度人民还把它与神联系在一起,认为它是奇异的鸟、圣洁的鸟。蓝孔雀是一种象征吉祥如意的幸福鸟。印度人民还把它与神联系在一起,认为它是奇异的鸟、圣洁的鸟。

  12. 在印度,关于孔雀的民间故事很多。传说印度教舞蹈之王湿婆有个儿子迦尔迪盖耶,曾坐着孔雀云游四方;耆那教的神祖以及战神卡提科亚也都把孔雀选为骑乘工具,甚至封孔雀为鸟王。印度人世世代代喜爱孔雀,多将其形象雕于建筑上,刻在器皿上或塑在庙宇中。在印度,关于孔雀的民间故事很多。传说印度教舞蹈之王湿婆有个儿子迦尔迪盖耶,曾坐着孔雀云游四方;耆那教的神祖以及战神卡提科亚也都把孔雀选为骑乘工具,甚至封孔雀为鸟王。印度人世世代代喜爱孔雀,多将其形象雕于建筑上,刻在器皿上或塑在庙宇中。

  13. 公元前4世纪,印度历史上出现了一支号称孔雀族的强大部落。经数年征战,他们扫荡群雄,成立了一个空前强大的王朝——孔雀王朝。尤其是第三代帝王阿育王使他的统治时期成为印度历史上最为辉煌的时代。他统一了印度次大陆,把释迦牟尼的佛教定为当时印度的国教,他皈依佛门、讲信修善、公平慈爱、杜绝荤腥,被后人推崇备至。正由于佛教在孔雀王朝时得到迅速发展,才使这一教派有机会向国外传播,逐步成为世界性的宗教。公元前4世纪,印度历史上出现了一支号称孔雀族的强大部落。经数年征战,他们扫荡群雄,成立了一个空前强大的王朝——孔雀王朝。尤其是第三代帝王阿育王使他的统治时期成为印度历史上最为辉煌的时代。他统一了印度次大陆,把释迦牟尼的佛教定为当时印度的国教,他皈依佛门、讲信修善、公平慈爱、杜绝荤腥,被后人推崇备至。正由于佛教在孔雀王朝时得到迅速发展,才使这一教派有机会向国外传播,逐步成为世界性的宗教。

  14. 印度教盛行“万物有灵”的自然崇拜。以黄牛为神,对它顶礼膜拜。虔诚的印度教徒一生有三大夙愿:到圣城朝拜湿婆神,到恒河洗圣浴、饮圣水,死后葬于恒河。印度教盛行“万物有灵”的自然崇拜。以黄牛为神,对它顶礼膜拜。虔诚的印度教徒一生有三大夙愿:到圣城朝拜湿婆神,到恒河洗圣浴、饮圣水,死后葬于恒河。

  15. 印度是个民族、宗教众多、文化各异的国家,是世界上“保存最完好”的“人种、宗教、语言博物馆”。印度是个民族、宗教众多、文化各异的国家,是世界上“保存最完好”的“人种、宗教、语言博物馆”。 英语和印地语同为印度的官方语言。

  16. 印 度 国 歌《人民的意志》 [印度]泰戈尔   你是一切人心的统治者,           你印度命运的付予者。         你的名字激起了         旁遮普,辛德,古甲拉特和马拉塔,         达罗毗荼,奥利萨和孟加拉的人心。         它在文底耶和喜马拉雅山中起着回响         掺杂在朱木拿河和恒河的乐音中,         被印度洋的波涛歌颂着。         他们祈求你的祝福,歌唱你的赞颂,         你印度命运的付予者,         胜利,胜利,胜利是属于你的。

  17. 你的声音日夜从这地走到那地, 召唤印度教徒,佛教徒,锡克教徒,耆那教徒 和袄教徒,伊斯兰教徒,基督教徒 来围绕在你的座前。 从东陲到西极向你龛前敬礼 来编成一串爱的花环。 你把一切人的心融合成一个和谐的生命。 你印度命运的付予者, 胜利,胜利,胜利是属于你的。

  18.   永在的驭者,你驱驾着人们的历史  在崎岖的邦国兴亡的路上行走。  在苦难与恐怖中间  你的号筒吹起,来激发那些低头绝望的人们,  在探险与朝贡的路上引导他们。  你印度命运的付予者,  胜利,胜利,胜利是属于你的。  当凄寂的长夜积压着幽暗  土地昏迷地僵卧着,  你的母爱的手臂围抱着她,  你的清醒的眼眼俯在她脸上,  直到她从压在她心神上的沉黑的噩梦中被救起  你印度命运的付予者,  胜利,胜利,胜利是属于你的。  夜渐明了,太阳从东方升起,  群鸟歌唱,晨风带来了新生的兴奋。 

  19. Cobra( or Indian Cobra) 眼镜蛇 又名吹风蛇、 黑乌梢、 蚂蚁堆蛇。

  20. 眼镜蛇性凶猛,被激怒时身体前段能竖起,颈部膨胀,“呼呼”发声,作攻击状。一般情况下,眼镜蛇不会主动进攻人或其它动物的。眼镜蛇具有神经性蛇毒,主要作用于人的中枢神经系统。人若被眼镜蛇咬伤,会感到一阵麻木,这种麻木不久就由伤处传及全身,使伤者有些眩晕,随后四肢无力,呼吸紧张,最终陷于昏眠状态而亡。 眼镜蛇毒可治疗多种疾病,又是优良的镇痛剂和抗凝血剂

  21. Language Analysis settle:v.1. resolve 解决,调停 e.g. Nothing is settled yet. 2. make one’s home in a place 定居,安家 e.g. After years of travel, we decided to settle in New York. settle down安顿下来

  22. I first heard this tale in India where it is told as if true ――though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. 我最初听到这个故事是在印度,那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像实有其事似的――尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。

  23. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down. 后来有人告诉我,在第一次世界大战之前不久,一家杂志曾刊登过这个故事。但登在杂志上的那篇故事以及写那篇故事的人,我却一直未能找到。

  24. shortly: soon 不久,很快;简略地 e.g. He answered me shortly.他很简短地答复我。        to put it shortly简言之

  25. track down: find 经过追踪或搜索发现某人(某物)e.g.  She spent weeks in the library tracking down reference information in almost all the books on the subject.她花了几星期的时间在图书馆中几乎所以的书籍中找寻关于这个主题的参考信息. Did the hunter manage to track down the wounded deer? 猎人最后找到那只受伤的鹿了吗?

  26. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. 故事发生在印度。某殖民官员和他的夫人正在举行盛大的晚宴。

  27. They are seated with their guests ――officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist ―― in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda. 跟他们一起就座的客人有军官和他们的夫人,另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家。筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里,室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯;屋顶名椽裸露;宽大的玻璃门外便是阳台。

  28. be seated: seat oneself, sit down e.g.  He was seatedat the piano, with his back to them.

  29. bare: adj. not covered (with a carpet); empty; no more than; mere无遮蔽的;赤裸的;空的;仅有的e.g. a bare room (没有家具的)空房间 a bare hill 光秃秃的山 He earns a bare living by his work.他工作收入仅够维持生活。

  30. rafter 尖顶屋两端的山形墙 阁楼 天窗 椽

  31. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't. 席间,一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了激烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为,妇女已经有所进步,不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上;少校则不以为然。

  32. spring (sprang, sprung) up: 涌现,出现 e.g.  It was rather warm all day. But towards evening a cold wind sprang up. Suspicion sprang upin her mind.

  33. …women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the- sight-of-a-mouse era:     Women used to be regarded as the weaker sex. Even today such a prejudice has not been eliminated(消除) and the argument in the text shows how hard long-standing prejudices die.

  34. Jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse e.g. a not-so-easy-to-operate machine stick-in-the-mud people

  35. at the sight of一看见 e.g. I always faint at the sight of blood. 我一见血就晕。 at the sound /mention / smell / touch of 一听 /提/闻/碰到 catch sight of看见 lose sight of看不见 at first sight 初次看见时 be in sight看得见, 在眼前

  36. outgrow: v. 长得比...快/大;(因年龄增长而)革除或放弃;过大而不适于 e.g. James has outgrown his elder brother. 詹姆士长得比他哥哥高。 outgrow a bad habit (随着年龄增长而)戒掉一个坏习惯 He has outgrown his clothes. We have outgrown children’s books.

  37. "A woman's reaction in any crisis, " the major says," is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts." 他说:“一遇到危急情况,女人的反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫,但比起女人来,自制力却略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西。”

  38. crisis: n. (pl. crises [-si:z]) 危机; 转折点, 关键时刻 e.g. an economic crisis 经济危机 crisis of confidence 信任危机 at a crisis在紧急关头 bring to a crisis使陷入危机 come to a crisis陷入危机 face a crisis面临危局 pass a crisis渡过危机, 脱离危险期

  39. be to + v. : 打算,预计,将要 e.g. Not one of you is to move a muscle. They are to marry next month.  注:be to + V. 结构表示计划安排要做的事; 含有情态动词的意思,

  40. be to 与 be going to 的区别: 同: 二者都可以用于按计划,安排即将发生的动作,即人们意志所能控制的动作。 e.g. I’m going to play tennis this afternoon. I’m to play tennis this afternoon. 异: 对于不受人们意志控制的将来动作,只能用be going to表示,不能用 be to. e.g. It’s going to rain.(√) It’s to rain.(×)

  41. while做连词的用法: 1). 引导时间状语从句时,=during the time that 2). 连接并列句,位于主句之后,=whereas(而,却) 3). 引导让步状语从句,位于主句之前, = although 4). 引导条件状语从句,=as long as, 位置可前可后 We can still hear sounds whileour heads are under water. He drinks black coffee while I prefer it with cream. While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. While there is life there is hope.

  42. feel like: 1.have a desire for 想要(+ n./ving) e.g. I don’t feel like going out tonight. I feel like (having) a cup of tea. 2. feel as if 有…感觉e.g. I feel likecatching cold. 我像是感冒了。 I feel like a fool when I realize what a stupid mistake I had made. 3. seem like to the touch 摸起来如同 e.g. This feels like silk.

  43. count: v. be of value or importance 有价值;重要;有用 e.g. Every second counts. It is not how much you read but what you read that really counts.

  44. The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expressioncome over the face of the hostess. 那个美国人没有参加这场争论,他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时,他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。

  45. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. 她两眼盯着正前方,脸上肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的男仆做了个手势,对他耳语了几句。男仆眼睛睁得大大的,迅速离开了餐厅。

  46. contract: v.  1. 收缩,缩小 e.g.  Metal contracts in cold weather. The pupils of the patient’s eyes contracted. 2. 签合同,签约 e.g. Having contracted with them to do the repairs, we cannot withdraw now. n.合同,合约 e.g. sign /carry out /break a contract 签/履行/违反合同

  47. motion: v. give a signal by moving the hand or head(常与to连用)用动作打信号;打手势 n.动作,手势 e.g.  She motioned to the waiter. 他向侍者打了个手势。She made motions to him to follow.她向他招手要他跟上来。

  48. Of the guests, noneexcept the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors. 在座的客人中除了那位美国人以外谁也没有注意到这一幕,也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的阳台上。

  49. The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing ―― bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. 那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度,碗中的牛奶只有一个意思――引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐厅里一定有条眼镜蛇。

  50. come to: regain consciousness, be conscious of 苏醒,意识到 e.g. He came to slowly after the accident. He is unconscious now, but may come to in a little while. with a start: 吃惊地 e.g. I woke up from the bad dream with a start.

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