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435 m 2 Collectors on roof of building 2

Solar powered adsorption cooling cum desalination. ME Dept., NUS. A pilot teaching facility at LF027, Building 2. A pilot AD desalination cum cooling plant for teaching and research. 435 m 2 Collectors on roof of building 2. AD working principles (KAUST/NUS patent)

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435 m 2 Collectors on roof of building 2

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  1. Solar powered adsorption cooling cum desalination ME Dept., NUS A pilot teaching facility at LF027, Building 2 A pilot AD desalination cum cooling plant for teaching and research 435 m2 Collectors on roof of building 2

  2. AD working principles (KAUST/NUS patent) – based on physical sorption phenomena, batch-operated Adsorption-triggered-evaporation Desorption-activated-condensation 28-36°C 45-75°C 28-33°C 25-30°C 1 to 3 kPa 4 to 6 kPa Mesoporous adsorbent SiO3.nH2 O , 800m2/g Potable water TDS <10ppm, pH =7.3,±0.1 5 to 12 m3/tonne.day 7-28°C 12-33°C 25-33°C 55-85°C, from Solar or waste heat Cooling power, Tchilled = 7-20°C, 25- 32 Rtons/tonne Advantages: -Produce two useful effects with low-temperature heat input, -low specific energy (electric) consumption (1.38kWh/m3), -no major moving part, inexpensive materials for construction

  3. Solar energy - collectable radiation • The daily average radiation in Thuwal (KAUST) is about 22 MJ/m2.day (latitude λ=22o , sunshine hours from 9 to 13 h/day) • Estimated thermal rating is 1300 kWh/m 2.year, as compared with 925 kWh/m 2.year @ 65o C in Singapore . • Recommend to use tube collectors because (i) it is easy to handle, (ii) it reduces the dust accumulation – dust particles will slide over the tube curvature whilst those accumulated on top could be blown over by strong wind.

  4. Evacuated-tube collectors Plan view of roof Provide shading that reduces heat stress in green houses.

  5. What are the energy needs of a green house ? • Electricity- for equipment, offices, control sensors, lighting, lifts, rest rooms, solar lamps for artificial brightness control, etc. Estimated amount is 300 to 450 kW • Cooling - Green houses to reduce heat stress, cooling of water in aqua-culture tanks, offices, guest rooms, etc. Estimated average rate of heat infiltration is 165 W/m2 for green house design over a day. For a 15000 m2 floor area, the nominal cooling rate is 700 Rtons. Total is about 900 - 1000 Rtons (inclusive offices, guest houses, etc) • De-humidification -to control moisture level in parts of green houses. • Heating - for artificial hot weather control and simulation

  6. Co-generation cum solar Conventional approach DARI’s energy needs Why Co-Generation ? Primary fuel, (Town gas) Primary fuel Gas Turbines x 2 units of 700 kW Electricity from grid ( ) Electricity (- max at 1.3 MW) diesel 375 to 500oC Steam (4800 kg/h) “Kettle” Boiler (8 bar) Waste heat operated boiler (8 bar) Temperature cascaded utilization of exhaust energy with AB_AD chillers • Cooling • (7o C and 15-18 0C) • Water • (5 l/m2 .day) electricity Electrically-operated decicant dehumidifier Steam driven AB/AD chillers 125o C Conventional EUF=0.52 TriGen EUF =0.85 - Thermally-driven design

  7. ME Dept., NUS What are the design choices ?(Design method) Grid of KAUST Electric chillers (400 Rtons) CWS =7 C 500-600 kW for use in DARI 360 kW 1000 to 1200 kW 50-60 kW 20 to 25 kW AB chillers (COP 0.9 to 1.1) giving 800 to 1000 Rtons AD Chillers (COP =0.5 to 0.65) giving 120 to 150 Rtons Gas Turbines (2x 700 kW) Steam (177 C, 8.3 bar) Further waste heat recovery CWS = 9-10 C CWS = 14 to 18 C Water production 75 m /day 40 – 55 kW Solar collectors Seawater Cooling Towers (1200 Rtons) Exhaust leaving at < 125 C

  8. Sea water feeding line Sea Water Tank Pre-treatment sea water tank Prototype Lab-scale AD Plant at NUS

  9. Release Valve Condenser Collection tank Condensate drainage Reactor Bed

  10. Condenser and evaporator Cooling water system valves Sea water Silo-type adsorber-desorber beds E x haust gas 2 0 0 to 25 0 C Post treatme n t tank Hot water Waste heat recovery storage from exhaust Fresh water Pretreatment storage tank An Artist’s impression of a large AD chiller cum desalination plant for district cooling

  11. H d d Can the AD cycle scale to a commercial size ? – to work closely with industry partners of KAUST Silica gel-filled concrete silos as adsorbent beds, automated DP-operated valves, no major moving parts (patent filed) Valve close Silica gel-filled concrete silos as adsorbent beds Valve open Each tower contains up to100 tonnes of silica gel Seawater injection Chilled water produced

  12. Pictorial view of a solar-powered AD Chiller plant at a commercial building in Singapore (45 Rtons)

  13. Photo of an Absorption chiller being commissioned in Poland Thank you.

  14. Thank you

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