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The Rise of Christianity. Chapter 6 Section 3. Key Terms. Constantine Bishop Peter Pope . Jesus Apostle Paul Diaspora. The Life and Teachings of Jesus. Roman power came to Judea in 63 BC Judea at first was independent AD 6 made of province of Rome
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The Rise of Christianity Chapter 6 Section 3
Key Terms • Constantine • Bishop • Peter • Pope • Jesus • Apostle • Paul • Diaspora
The Life and Teachings of Jesus • Roman power came to Judea in 63 BC • Judea at first was independent • AD 6 made of province of Rome • God promised to send a messiah to restore the kingdom
Jesus of Nazareth • Between 4 and 6 BC Jesus was born • Born in Bethlehem • Raised in Nazareth • Baptized by John the Baptist • Was a carpenter • Age 30 began public ministry
Jesus of Nazareth • Taught for three years • Performed miracles • Taught 10 Commandments • Gods personal relationship with man • God would end wickedness • Establish kingdom after death for people who repent for their sins
A Growing Movement • Teaching are from the Gospel • First 4 books of New Testament • Little historical reference • Written by his disciples • Apostles-12 men were pupils of Jesus
A Growing Movement • His fame grew • Attracted large crowds • Ignore wealth message for the poor. • “Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the world”
Jesus’ Death • Roman and Jewish leaders concerned • AD 29 Jesus visited Jerusalem • Greeted as king and messiah • Chief priests denied he was the messiah • Teachings were blasphemy
Jesus’ Death • Pontius Pilate accused Jesus of defying Rome • Pilate sentenced him to be crucified • Body disappears from the tomb • Jesus started to appear • Ascended into heaven • Became Jesus Christ (Greek for savior)
Christianity Spreads Through an Empire • Followers spread message of triumph over death • New religion based on Jesus’ messages • Spread throughout the empire
APOSTLE PAUL • Influence on development of Christianity • Had a vision of Jesus • Spread message for the rest of his life • PaxRomana provided ideal conditions • Travel • Exchange of ideas
Apostle Paul • Latin and Greek easily understood • Paul wrote Epistles • Jesus was the son of God who died for people’s sins • Christianity welcomed all converts • Enabled it to become more than local religion
Jewish Rebellion • AD 66 Jews rebelled • AD 70 Romans stormed Jerusalem • Destroyed the Temple • Western wall all that is left • Jews in Masada held out till AD 71
Jewish Rebellion • AD 132 • Half a million Jews die • Jewish political state ceased to exists for 1800 years • Diaspora- Jews driven from their home
Persecution of Christians • Christians refused to worship Roman gods • Rulers used Christians as scapegoats • Roman imprisoned or executed Christians • Thousands crucified, burned, killed by wild animal • Martry-person willing to die for an idea
A World Religion • Despite persecution become a powerful force • Why Christianity grew • Embraced all people • Gave hope to the powerless • Appealed to those who repelled extravagances • Promised eternal life
Constantine accepts Christianity • AD 312 fighting three rivals • Milvian Bridge battle he prays and sees a cross • Orders artisans to put the cross on their shield • Constantine victorious • Edict of Milan-approves Christianity
Early Christian Church • AD 380 Theodosius made it the emperor’s official religion • Priest led each small group • Bishop-supervised several local churches • Peter traveled to Rome and became the first bishop
Early Christian Church • Jesus referred to Peter as the rock • All priests and bishops trace authority to him • Every major city has a bishop • Peter was the first Pope • Bishop of Rome was leader of the whole church
A Single Voice • Disagreements developed • Hersey- anyone who did not believe • Compiled New Testament • Contained the 4 Gospels, the Epistles of Paul
A Single Voice • New Testament added to Hebrew Bible • AD 325 Constantine solidifies teachings • Calls leaders to Nicaea in Anatolia • Nicene Creed- defined the beliefs of the church
The Fathers of the Church • Fathers of the Church • Augustine Bishop of Hippo AD 346 • Augustine taught people they needed grace of God to be saved • Had to receive the sacraments
The Fathers of the Church • After Rome was sacked • The city of God could not be destroyed • As Christianity rose Rome declined • Increasing foreign and domestic problems