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ENERGY

ENERGY. Cellular Respiration. Cellular Respiration. Process that releases energy (chemical) by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen Occurs in both plants and animals and fungi There are 2 types. Anaerobic Respiration. Aerobic Respiration.

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ENERGY

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  1. ENERGY Cellular Respiration

  2. Cellular Respiration • Process that releases energy (chemical) by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen • Occurs in both plants and animals and fungi • There are 2 types Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration - Without OXYGEN - With OXYGEN

  3. Products of Photosynthesis O2 + C6H12O6 (Reactants of photosynthesis CO2 + H2O + ATP) Reactants of Respirations (products of respiration CO2 + H2O + ATP)

  4. The Process of Respiration Part 2

  5. Aerobic Oxygen Occurs in mitochondria Divided into 2 stages: Kreb cycle (citric acid cycle) Electron Transport Chain Anaerobic No Oxygen Occurs in cytoplasm Glycolysis is an anaerobic process Glucose is broken into pyruvic acid and ATP The whole process is divided into 2 parts:

  6. GLYCOLYSIS • Remember…”-lysis” means “to break” • Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of PYRUVATE • Glycolysis is anaerobic • Pyruvatecan then be used for cellular respiration • Location: cytoplasm • Occurs before cellular respiration can happen

  7. Glycolysis • Once glucose is imported into the cell: • Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate • Produces 4 ATP per glucose • 2 ATP molecules are “used” up leaving us with a net gain of 2 ATP molecules produced for the cell to use for energy. • Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and provides the materials needed for the Kreb’s cycle

  8. Mitochondrion Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Electron Transport Chain Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Glucose Cytoplasm Mitochondrion

  9. Fermentation • Sometimes a cell can’t get the oxygen that it needs to carry out aerobic respiration. • It carries out fermentation to make energy instead (ATP) • Less EFFECTIVE, doesn’t make as much ATP • Location: Cytoplasm

  10. Fermentation- ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION • Isn’t a “clean burn” so nasty, or intoxicating, waste products are left behind • There are 2 types Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation -Produces lactic acid as a waste product -Is part of the burn you feel in your muscles when you exercise. • Produces ethanol (alcohol) as a waste product • Used for producing beer, wine, and rising bread

  11. Lactic Acid Fermentation Glucose Pyruvic acid • Notice that a total of 2 ATP molecules are made for each molecule of glucose during glycolysis • Notice that NAD+ is “regenerated” to be used in glycolysis • This is a low energy yield process (only 2 ATP’s) but this can be enough to sustain our cells when we can’t get enough oxygen

  12. AEROBIC RESPIRATION • Requires Oxygen • More effective, make MUCH MORE ATP • Is a “clean burn” – no nasty waste products left behind • Location: Mitochondria

  13. AEROBIC RESPIRATION • KNOW THE FORMULA!!! • C6H12O6 + O2 H2O + CO2 + ATP GLUCOSE (FOOD) OXYGEN WATER CARBON DIOXIDE Processes associated with it • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle • Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

  14. Kreb’s Cycle (citric acid cycle) • Breaks pyruvate down into CO2 • Occurs in the mitochondria • Produces 2 ATP per glucose • Produces NADH & FADH2 • FADH2 and NADH provide power for the ETC • FADH2 and NADH are carrying chemical energy • The carbon dioxide produced here diffuses out of the mitochondria, out of the cell and into the bloodstream where it is carried to the lungs and diffuses into the air that we exhale.

  15. Citric Acid Production

  16. Electron Transport Chain • FADH2 and NADH pass some of their electrons onto the ETC • ETC is like a game of hot potato, where electrons from FADH2 and NADH are the potato, and proteins in the mitochondria are the people passing the potato. OXYGEN IS REQUIRED. • The flow of electrons down the chain powers a special protein, called “ATPsynthase,” which synthesizes (makes) ATP • Produces 32 ATP per glucose! • Total ATP production per glucose during aerobic respiration = 36 ATP

  17. Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel Intermembrane Space ATP synthase Inner Membrane Matrix ATP Production

  18. DRAW CELLULAR RESPIRATION DIAGRAM ON BOARD!! • MAKE SURE YOU CAN DRAW THIS ON QUIZ!!

  19. Photosynthesis Energy capture Chloroplast CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 and O2 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular Respiration Energy release Mitochondria C6H12O6 and O2 CO2 and H2O 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6 H2O Function Location Reactants Products Equation

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