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Nicolaus Copernicus (p 434). Polish, 1473 - 1543 Developed sun-centered universe theory Heliocentric : sun-centered. Galileo Galilei (p 435). Italian physicist & mathematician, 1564 -1642 Observed that Jupiter’s moons move around the planet, as Earth moves around the sun
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Nicolaus Copernicus (p 434) • Polish, 1473 - 1543 • Developed sun-centered universe theory • Heliocentric: sun-centered
Galileo Galilei (p 435) • Italian physicist & mathematician, 1564 -1642 • Observed that Jupiter’s moons move around the planet, as Earth moves around the sun • Contradict: to go against • Why were his theories seen as radical?
Francis Bacon (p 436) • English philosopher, 1561 – 1626 • Philosopher: a person who is an expert in the study of knowledge • Stressed experimentation and observation
René Descartes (p 436) • French philosopher, 1596 – 1650 • Emphasized human reasoning
Robert Boyle (p 438) • Irish theologian and natural philosopher, 1627 – 1691 • Opened the way for chemical analysis
Isaac Newton (p 438) • English physicist & mathematician, 1643 – 1727 • Developed laws of motion and mechanics • Gravity: the force that pulls objects in Earth’s sphere to the center of the Earth • Calculus: a branch of mathematics in which calculations are made using special symbolic notations
A Step-by-Step Process • Scientific method: careful, step-by-step process used to confirm findings and to prove or disprove a hypothesis • Hypothesis: an unproven theory accepted for the purpose of explaining certain facts or to provide a basis for further investigation