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School and Community

School and Community. Adult, Child & Infant CPR. Kacie Parker , EMT-P, CMA, RNA Instructor Trainer. House Keeping. Fire Exits (Where are they?) Bathrooms (Where are they?) Policy on Eating, Drinking, and/or smoking during class Please turn Cell phones on silent during class

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School and Community

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  1. School and Community Adult, Child & Infant CPR Kacie Parker, EMT-P, CMA, RNA Instructor Trainer

  2. House Keeping • Fire Exits (Where are they?) • Bathrooms (Where are they?) • Policy on Eating, Drinking, and/or smoking during class • Please turn Cell phones on silent during class • Please review the section titled “Health Precautions and Guidelines During Training: on page xi of the your manual.

  3. House Keeping • During this course…. • If you have questions...please ask them • If you have comments...please give them • If you have relevant experiences...please share them

  4. Course Outline • Lesson 1: Before Giving Care • Lesson 2: Checking an Ill or Injured Person • Lesson 3: Breathing Emergencies and Conscious Choking – Adult, Child or Infant • Lesson 4: Rescue Breathing – Child or Infant • Lesson 5: The Cardiac Chain of Survival and Cardiac Emergencies • Lesson 6: CPR and Unconscious Choking – Adult, Child or Infant

  5. Lesson 1-Before Give Care • Objectives • Know how to identify and respond to an emergency • Know the three emergency action steps. • Know the purpose of Good Samaritan Laws • Identify the difference between consent and implied consent • Identify when and how to move an ill or injured person • Identify how to minimize the risk of disease transmission

  6. Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency • By recognizing an emergency and taking immediate action to help, you give a suddenly ill or injured person the best chance for survival • Emergencies can often be recognized because of unusual sights, appearances, behaviors, odors or noises

  7. As you watch the following video closely observe the actions and behaviors of the people involved. --VIDEO— Deciding to Act Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency Turn to page 2 of your book

  8. What were some examples in the video of people using their senses to recognize the emergency? Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency

  9. What were some examples in the video of people using their senses to recognize the emergency? Recognizing and Responding to an Emergency • Unusual Sights • *Blood *Smoke or Fire *Broken Items • Unusual Appearance • *Person is noticeably uncomfortable • *Person is unconscious • Unusual Odors • *Gasoline *Natural Gas *Smoke • Unusual Noises • *Screaming • *An Explosion • *Glass Breaking • *Tires Screeching

  10. Overcoming Barriers to Act • There are many reasons why bystanders do not get involved in an emergency situation • It is normal to feel hesitant or unsure about what to do Turn to page 3-6 of your book

  11. What are some reasons people are afraid to act? Overcoming Barriers to Act

  12. What are some reasons people are afraid to act? Overcoming Barriers to Act

  13. What are some reasons people are afraid to act? Overcoming Barriers to Act • Uncertainty about the person’s condition • Fear of catching a disease • Fear of doing something wrong • Fear of being sued

  14. Good Samaritan Laws • All states of enacted Good Samaritan laws to protect people who voluntarily give emergency care, without accepting anything in return. • These laws, which differ from state to state, may protect you from legal liability as long as you – • Act in Good Faith • Are not negligent • Act within the scope of your training • You must obtain consent to help an ill or injured person Turn to page 7-9 of your book

  15. Obtaining Consent • To obtain Consent – • State your Name • Tell the person you are trained in First Aid • Ask the person if you can help • Explain what you think may be wrong • Explain what you plan to do • If a person refuses care, at least call 911 or the local emergency number. • A person who is unconscious, confused or seriously ill may not be able to grant consent. In such cases, consent is implied. • If the person is a minor, get consent from a parent or guardian, if present; otherwise consent is implied.

  16. Preventing Disease Transmission • What precautions could you take to protect yourself from disease transmission? • Avoid Direct Contact with – • Blood • Body Fluids • Use Protective Equipment, such as – • Disposable gloves • CPR Breathing barriers (such as face shields and resuscitation masks) • Wash your hands immediately after care. Turn to page 5-6 of your book

  17. Always follow the emergency action steps – Emergency Action steps • CHECK – the scene for safety then Turn to page 16-20 of your book • CHECK the victim for life-threatening conditions. • CALL – 911 or the local emergency # • CARE – for the ill or injured person

  18. Emergency Action steps • If you are alone, you must decide to Call First or Care First • Call First before giving care for – • An unconscious adult or adolescent age 12 or older • A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant • An unconscious infant or child known to be at a high risk for heart problems • Care First (give 2 minutes of care, then call 911) • An un-witnessed collapse of an unconscious person younger than age 12 • Any victim of a drowning

  19. Identifying Life-Threatening Conditions • At times, you may be unsure if EMS personnel are needed. Your first aid training will help you make this decision. In general you will call 911 or the local emergency number if the person— • Is or becomes unconscious. • Has trouble breathing or is breathing in a strange way. • Has chest discomfort, pain or pressure that persists for more than 3 to 5 minutes or that goes away and comes back. Turn to page 18 of your book • Is bleeding severely. • Has severe (critical) burns. • Has pressure or pain in the abdomen that does not go away. • Is vomiting blood or passing blood. • Has a seizure that lasts more that 5 minutes or has multiple seizures.

  20. Identifying Life-Threatening Conditions • Has seizure and is pregnant or is a diabetic. • Fails to regain consciousness after a seizure. • Has sudden severe headache or slurred speech. • Appears to have been poisoned. • Has injuries to the head, neck and back. • Has possible broken bones. • Also call for any of these situations: • Fire or explosion. • Downed electrical wires. • Swiftly moving or rapidly rising water. • Presence of poisonous gas • Motor vehicle collisions.

  21. Emergency Action Steps • Usually when you give first aid, you will not face hazards that require moving the person immediately • Moving a person can lead to further injury. • You should move a person only when you can do so safely and when there is an immediate danger.

  22. Before Giving Care • Remember, as a responder, you play a critical role when an emergency occurs. Your actions can help save a life. • What are the emergency actions steps? • CHECK • CALL • CARE

  23. Cardiac Chain of Survival

  24. Lesson 2-Checking an Ill or Injured Person • Objectives • Identify the signals of shock and describe how t minimize its effects. • Identify life-threatening and non-life-threatening conditions. • Demonstrate how to check a conscious person for life-threatening and non-life-threatening conditions. • Demonstrate how to check an unconscious person for life-threatening and non-life-threatening conditions.

  25. Checking an Ill or Injured Person When you reach an ill or injured person, check first for life-threatening conditions such as unconsciousness. In many emergencies this will be obvious but in some situations you may not be able to tell. If you are not sure whether someone is unconscious, tap him or her on the shoulder and ask if he or she is okay. Use the person’s name if you know it. Turn to page 30-32 of your book Speak loudly!

  26. Checking an Ill or Injured Person • If you are not sure whether and infant is unconscious, check by flicking the bottom of the infant’s foot and/or tapping the infant’s shoulders and shout to see if the infant responds. • If the person does not respond to you, assume that he or she is unconscious. Have someone call 911 or the local emergency number.

  27. Checking a Conscious Adult • For purpose of first aid care, and “adult” is defined a someone who is about 12 years of age or older. • After checking the scene, you should check the adult first for life-threatening conditions. • Some conditions may become life threatening if not recognized and cared for early. • Obtain consent to give care. • A heat-to-toe examination should be done to check a conscious adult. • Care for the person based on the conditions found. • Take steps to minimize shock. Turn to page 30-32 of your book

  28. Checking a Conscious Person Step 1 CHECK the scene, then CHECK the person. Step 2 Obtain Consent Step 3 CALL 911 or the local emergency number for life-threatening conditions. Turn to page 36-38 of your book • Step 4 • Ask the person— • What is your name? • What happened? • Where do you feel pain or discomfort? • Do you have any allergies? • Do you have any medical conditions? • Are you taking any medications?

  29. Checking a Conscious Person • Step 5 • CHECK head to toe for – • Bleeding, fluids or wounds. • Skin color and temperature. • Medical ID bracelets and necklaces. • Observable signals of pain. (Tip; For infants and children, check from tow to head. Do not separate them from parent or guardian.) Step 6 Continue to monitor Airway, Breathing and Circulation (ABCs).

  30. Checking a Conscious Child or Infant • For purpose of first aid, a “child” is defined as someone who is 1 to 12 years old (school age). • For the use of pediatric AED equipment, a child is someone between the ages of 1 and 8 or weighing less than 55 pounds. • For purposes of first aid, an “infant” is defined as someone who is less than 1 year old. • After checking the scene, you should check the child first for life-threatening conditions. • Some conditions may become life threatening if not recognized and cared for early. Turn to page 30-32 of your book

  31. Checking a Conscious Child or Infant • Obtain consent to give care from parent or guardian, if present. • Checking the conscious child or infant from toe to head. It is less threatening and lets the child watch and take part. Position yourself directly in front of the child, at eye level. • Be calm and reassuring to the child and parent or guardian. • -VIDEO- • Checking a Conscious & Unconscious Adult, Child & Infant

  32. Recognizing and Caring for Shock What is shock? • Shock is a life-threatening condition in which not enough blood is being delivered to all parts of the body and can result from injury or illness. Turn to page 34-35 of your book

  33. Recognizing Shock • Shock is likely to develop after any serious injury or illness including severe bleeding, serious internal injury, significant fluid loss or other conditions. • A person showing signals of shock needs immediate medical attention. • Body systems and organs begin to fail. • The goals of First Aid are to get help quickly and give care to minimize shock while caring for the illness or injury.

  34. Signs of Shock • Restlessness or irritability. • Altered level of consciousness. • Nausea or vomiting. • Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin. • Rapid breathing and pulse. • Excessive thirst.

  35. Caring for Shock • Call 911 or the local emergency number immediately. Shock cannot be managed effectively by first aid alone. A person suffering from shock requires emergency medical care as soon as possible. • Have the person lie down. This is often the most comfortable position. Help the person rest comfortably is important because pain can intensify the body’s stress and speed up the progression of shock. Helping the person rest in a more comfortable position may lessen any pain.

  36. Caring for Shock • Control any external bleeding. • Elevate the person’s legs about 12 inches, unless you suspect head, neck or back injuries or possible broken bones involving the hips or legs. If you are unsure of the person’s condition, leave him or her lying flat.

  37. Checking an Unconscious Child or Infant • After checking the scene and obtaining consent to give care, you should check the child or infant first for life-threatening conditions. • One way to remember what to check for is “ABC” (Airway, Breathing and Circulation). • To find out if the heart is beating, an additional check for signs of life includes checking for a pulse in the child or infant. • To check for a pulse in a child you would need to feel for a carotid pulse. Turn to page 32-34 of your book

  38. Checking an Unconscious Child or Infant • To find the carotid pulse, place your fingers on the middle of the throat and slide your fingers into the groove on the neck. Feel for the pulse on the side of the child’s neck closer to you. • To check for a pulse in an infant, you would need to feel for a brachial pulse. • When checking for a brachial pulse place your index and middle fingers on the middle of the inner arm between the elbow and the shoulder when the arm is raised.

  39. Checking a Unconscious Adult Step 1 CHECK scene, then CHECK person. Step 2 Tap shoulder and shout, “are you okay?” Step 3 No response, CALL 911 or your local emergency number. Step 4 Open airway (tilt head, lift chin), CHECK for signs of life (movement and breathing) for no more than 10 seconds. Turn to page 39 of your book Step 5 If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths. Steps 6 If breathing, place in recovery position and monitor Airway, Breathing and Circulation. If breaths go in – Quickly scan the body for severe bleeding and get into position to perform CPR or use an AED.

  40. Checking a Unconscious Child Step 1 CHECK scene, then CHECK child. Step 2 Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if present. Step 3 Tap shoulder and shout, “Are you okay?” • Step 4 • No response, CALL 911 or your local emergency number. • If alone— • Give about 2 minutes of CARE. • Then CALL 911 or the emergency number. Turn to page 40-41 of your book Step 5 Open airway (tilt head, lift chin), CHECK for signs of life (movement and breathing) for no more than 10 seconds.

  41. Checking a Unconscious Child Step 6 If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths. Step 7 If breaths go in, CHECK for pulse (and severe bleeding). Step 8 If breathing, place is recovery position and monitor ABCs. If breaths do not go in—Give care for unconscious choking. If pulse, but no breathing—Give rescue breathing. Or If no pulse—give CPR or use an AED.

  42. Checking a Unconscious Infant Step 7 If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths. Step 8 If breaths go in, CHECK for pulse (and severe bleeding). Step 9 If breathing, place in recovery position and monitor ABCs. Turn to page 42-43 of your book If breaths do not go in— Give care for unconscious choking. If pulse, but no breathing– Give rescue breathing Or If no pulse—give CPR.

  43. Checking a Unconscious Infant Step 1 CHECK scene, then CHECK infant. Step 2 Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if present. Step 3 Flick foot or tap shoulder and shout, “Are you okay?” • Step 4 • No response, CALL 911 or the local emergency number. • If alone— • Give about 2 minutes of CARE. • Then CALL 911 or local emergency number. Step 5 If an unconscious infant is face-down roll face-up support head, neck and back. Step 6 Open airway (tilt head, lift chin) CHECK for signs of life (movement and breathing) for no more than 10 seconds.

  44. Rescue Breathing Adult -VIDEO- How to give Rescue Breaths -- Adult Turn to page 63 of your book

  45. Rescue Breathing Adult Step 1 Tilt head and lift chin, then pinch the nose shut. Step 2 Take a breath and make a complete seal over the person’s mouth. Step 3 Blow in to make chest clearly rise. Turn to page 63 of your book (TIP: Each rescue breath should last about 1 second.) If breaths go in—Give CPR or use an AED. If breaths do not go in—Give care for unconscious choking.

  46. Life-Threatening Conditions • Unconsciousness • Not breathing or having trouble breathing • Choking • Persistent chest pain • No signs of life (movement or breathing) • Severe burns • Shock

  47. Lesson 3-Breathing Emergencies • Objectives • After completing this lesson, you will know -- • Prevention strategies to decrease the risk of breathing emergencies • The signals of breathing emergencies • Demonstrate how to care for a conscious choking person

  48. Breathing Emergencies • A breathing emergency occurs when a person is having trouble breathing or cannot breathe at all. • There are different conditions that may cause a breathing emergency including injury, illness, or disease • Breathing emergencies caused by asthma can be prevents by the person following his or her physician’s guidance and taking prescribed medications • Breathing emergencies related to allergic reactions can be prevents by recognizing the first signals of an allergic reaction and getting help immediately. Turn to page 47 of your book

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