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History and International Relationships of Finland

History and International Relationships of Finland. Franziska Schwarz s4118294 franziska.schwarz@student.ru.nl. Symposium Studytour Sk+MLW. Overview. General introduction History Swedish Government Russian Government Finnish Independence History Turku History Tampere History Helsinki

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History and International Relationships of Finland

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  1. History and International Relationships of Finland Franziska Schwarz s4118294 franziska.schwarz@student.ru.nl Symposium Studytour Sk+MLW

  2. Overview • General introduction • History • Swedish Government • Russian Government • Finnish Independence • History Turku • History Tampere • History Helsinki • International Relationships • Political System • Finland and the European Union • Russian influence • Conclusion

  3. General introduction • Official Name: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland • Most northern member of EU • Between 60th and 70th Northern degree of latitude • Between 20th and 30th Eastern degree of longitude • Neighbor countries: Russia, Norway and Sweden • Official languages: Finnish and Swedish • National Church: Evangelical Lutheran and Orthodox Fig. 1: Geographical map of Finland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland

  4. Comparison Helsinki, Turku, Tampere

  5. HISTORY

  6. Swedish government • 1155: annexed by King Erik IX of Sweden • 1248: Grand Duchy • Christianization from Sweden / orthodox faith from Russia • 1323: Division of border region Karelia Fig. 2: Swedish empire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland

  7. Russian government • 1808: Finnish war • Grand Duchy of Russia tsar Alexander I. was sovereign • Swedish law • Own senate • Official language: Swedish • 1892: Finnish becomes official language • Restriction Finnish freedoms • 1905: national strike

  8. Finnish independence • 1906: autonomy restored, first parliament, right to vote for females • 6 December 1917: independence • Finnish civil war 1918 “Red Guards” against “White Guards” more than 20.000 people die • 1919: democratic constitution of Finnish republic • first president: KaarloJuhoStåhlberg • 1939: Winter war loss of Karelia • Finland allied Germany get back the lost areaspeace treaty: loss of Karelia 400,000 people lost their homes • Political Neutrality Fig. 3: Lost areas during winter war.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland

  9. History Turku • Founded in 1229 • bishopric • 1640: Royal Akademy of Turku • 1812: lost title as capital to Helsinki • 1827: large section of Turku destroyed by a fire • University transferred to Helsinki • 1918: Åbo Akademi • 1920: University of Turku • 2011: European Capital of Culture, together with Tallinn Fig. 4: Cathedral of Turku http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku

  10. History Tampere • Founded in 1779 by Gustav III. of Sweden • Industrial pioneer: • first papermill, • first cotton factory, • first electric light in Nordic countries lit in Finlayson’s modern production facilities 1882 • Centre of Finnish industry today Fig. 5: a) Cathedral of Tamperehttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere Fig. 5: b) The old Finlayson workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere

  11. History Helsinki • Founded 1550 by Swedish king Gustav to compete with Tallinn • 1809 Russia took control of Helsinki Helsinki appointed capital in 1812 • Royal Academy of Turku transferred to Helsinki • 19th to 20th century: progression in all economic aspects • 1952 hosted Olympics • 2000 European Capital of Culture Fig. 6: a) Uspenski cathedral in Helsinki (left)b) Helsinki Cathedral (right) http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki

  12. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

  13. Political System • Parliamentary republic • President: head of state • Elected for 6 years • Prime minister: head of government • Appointed by the president • Parliament: Eduskunta • Tenure of 4 years • Juridicy • No constitutional court • Constitutional Committee • Civil law system based on Swedish law • Court system • Local courts • Regional appellate courts • Supreme court Fig. 7: The Parliament of Finland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland

  14. Finland in the European Union • 1955: member of UN • 1995: member EU • 1999: member of Eurozone • Stabilization of Eurozone • Development economic and currency union • Strengthening of competitiveness, growth and employment • Cooperation in Foreign and Security Policy • Member of Conference of Disarmament • VERIFIN member of CHEMSEA VERIFIN = Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention CHEMSEA = chemical munitions search and assessment

  15. Russian Influence • Important economic partner • Export: 2nd place • Import: 1st place • Helsinki cathedral, Uspenski cathedral • Finnish-Russian Cross-border University • Aleksanteri Institute • Finnish universities have partner universities in Russia and Western Europe • Language of science? Fig 8: Russian-orthodox Cathedral of Tampere http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere

  16. Conclusion • History of dependence • Lutheran and Orthodox churches • Member of Schengen area and Eurozone • Finnish-Russian Cross Border University • Important economical relation to Russia

  17. References Pictures: • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku • http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampere • http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki

  18. Comparison to the Netherlands

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