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AC Reformulyzer Course. AC Analytical Controls January 2001. AC Reformulyzer. Determining Gasoline Specifications Efficiently. AC Reformulyzer. Hydrocarbon type/ Carbon number analysis Dedicated to Gasoline and Gasoline-related streams Multi-dimensional analysis system
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AC Reformulyzer Course AC Analytical Controls January 2001
AC Reformulyzer Determining Gasoline Specifications Efficiently
AC Reformulyzer • Hydrocarbon type/ Carbon number analysis • Dedicated to Gasoline and Gasoline-related streams • Multi-dimensional analysis system • Incorporates ASTM, DIN and IP standard test methods
AC Reformulyzer Hydrocarbon type analysis of finished gasoline and feedstocks
AC Reformulyzer • multi-column GC method • separates hydrocarbon groups: paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes, oxygenates, aromatics and olefins in finished gasoline and gasoline related streams, such as reformate, FCC naphtha, isomerate and alkylate • incorporates standard test methods ASTM D 6293 and Draft method DIN 51448-2
AC Reformulyzer • Characterizes total composition of finished gasoline and blending stocks in one analysis • Conducting one analysis rather than several reduces potential human bias and results in a more cost effective lab
AC Reformulyzer determines carbon number distribution of: • Paraffins • Isoparaffins • Olefins • Naphthenes • Aromatics • Oxygenates
AC Reformulyzer Application Range • Reformate • FCC naphtha • Isomerate • Alkylate • Straight naphtha • Gasoline
Reported group types • paraffins • iso-paraffins • olefins • naphtenes • aromatics • oxygenates
Hydrocarbon Structure Paraffins: • Formula: CnH 2n+2 • Straight chain components • Saturates
Paraffins examples n-pentane C-C-C-C-C iso-pentane C-C-C-C C
Hydrocarbon Structure Naphthenes: • Formula: CnH 2n • Ring/cyclo compounds • Saturates
Napthenes examples cyclohexane methylcyclohexane
Hydrocarbon Structure Aromatics: • Formula: CnH n • Ring/cyclo compounds with three double bond • Unsaturated and chemically reactive
Aromatics examples Benzene Toluene
Hydrocarbon Structure Olefins: • Formula: CnH 2n • Compounds with one double bond • Unsaturated and chemically reactive
Olefins examples n-butene C-C-C=C iso-pentene C-C=C-C C
Trivial names • paraffin = alkane = saturate • olefin = alkene = unsaturate
Trivial names • straight alkanes = normal paraffin's • branched alkanes = iso-paraffin's • straight alkenes = normal olefins • branched alkenes = iso-olefins • cyclo-alkanes = naphtenes
Reformulyzer columns • OV 275 : polar Pre-column • Ether/alc trap (tenax) : (1)Adsorption of ethers : (2)Adsorption of aromatic fractions • Olefin trap : Adsorption of olefins • 5A trap : Adsorption of n-Paraffins • 13X : sep. of Nap/Par by carbon number • HP-1 (OV 101) : separation of Aromatic fractions • PT catalyst : hydrogenation of Olefins • Alc. Pre-column : Alcohol retaining column
OV 275 • packed polar column • mounted in the GC oven • 130°C , isothermal • conditioned in a separate GC
Olefin trap • Adsorption temperature :approx 140°C • Desorption temperature :250°C • Conditioning : with FCC sample • Mounted in the AC left side compartment • Controlled by heater 4 of the ACI
13 X column • Temperature programmed 100°C - 430°C • Conditioning temp maximum 490°C • Mounted in the AC compartment • Controlled by heater 1 of the ACI
Ether/ Alcohol Trap • Adsorption temperature 70°C • Separation temperature approx. 100°C • Desorption temperature 280°C • Conditioned for 5 minutes at 280°C Max. • Mounted in the AC compartment • Controlled by heater 3 of the ACI
5A trap • Adsorption temperature approx. 140°C • Desorption temperature 450°C • Conditioned for 25 minutes at 450°C Max. • Mounted in the AC compartment • Controlled by heater 5 of the ACI
HP 1 (OV 101) column • non polar capillary column • mounted inside the oven • 130°C isothermal. • separation by boiling point
PT column • Temperature 180°C (220°C) • Hydrogenation of Olefins • Mounted in the AC compartment • controlled by heater 2 of the ACI
Alcohol pre-column • Initial temperature approx. 160 °C • Alcohol retaining column • Mounted at the GC injector B position • Controlled by Auxilary 2 heating zone