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SISTEM SARAF

SISTEM SARAF. Oleh : Aguslina Kirtishanti Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Surabaya. NERVOUS SYSTEM. PNS. CNS. Brain. Spinal Cord. Cranial nerve. Spinal nerve. functional. Sensory-Somatic Nervous System. Autonomic Nervous System. Sympathetic Nervous System. Parasympathetic

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SISTEM SARAF

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  1. SISTEM SARAF Oleh : Aguslina Kirtishanti Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Surabaya

  2. NERVOUS SYSTEM PNS CNS Brain Spinal Cord Cranial nerve Spinal nerve functional Sensory-Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System

  3. PEMBAGIAN SISTEM SARAF 1.Central Nervous System(CNS) * Brain * Spinal Cord 2.Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) * Sensory-Somatic Nervous System : cranial nerve & spinal nerve * Autonomic Nervous System : sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous system

  4. STRUKTUR JARINGAN SARAF JARINGAN SARAF TERSUSUN DARI 2 TIPE SEL YAITU : • NEUROGLIA (CNS) : - Astrocytes - Microgial - Ependymal - Oligodendrocytes NEUROGLIA (PNS) : - Satellite cells - Schwann cells

  5. LANJUTAN 2. NEURONS (SEL SARAF): * Dendrites * Cell Body * Axons : bermielin & tidak bermielin * Terminal buttons/axon

  6. NEURON

  7. SEL SARAF MEMPUNYAI 2 FUNGSI UTAMA : • IRRITABILITY : KEMAMPUAN MERESPON STIMULUS & MENGUBAHNYA MENJADI IMPULS LISTRIK 2. CONDUCTIVITY: KEMAMPUAN MEMINDAHKAN IMPULS LISTRIK KE SEL SARAF YANG LAIN ATAU KE OTOT DAN KELENJAR

  8. IRRITABILITY • STIMULUS YANG DATANG HARUS DIUBAH MENJADI IMPULS LISTRIK MELALUI PROSES POTENSIAL AKSI • PROSES POTENSIAL AKSI MELIBATKAN PERISTIWA-PERISTIWA : RESTING POTENTIAL, DEPOLARISASI, REPOLARISASI

  9. CONDUCTIVITY • POTENSIAL AKSI DIHANTARKAN MELALUI AKSON • HANTARAN POTENSIAL AKSI MEMPUNYAI HUKUM : ALL OR NONE • PADA AKSON YANG BERMIELIN: POTENSIAL AKSI BERJALAN DARI NODUS RANVIER YANG SATU KE NODUS YANG LAIN = SALTATORY CONDUCTION • PADA AKSON YANG TIDAK BERMIELIN : POTENSIAL AKSI BERJALAN SEPANJANG AKSON.

  10. SALTATORY CONDUCTION

  11. KOMUNIKASI ANTAR SARAF

  12. The Human Central Nervous System The central nervous system is made up of the : • Brain • Spinal cord The Brain • Receives sensory input from the spinal cord as well as from its own nerves (e.g. olfactory and optic nerves) • Devotes most of its volume to processing its various sensory inputs and initiating appropriate-and coordinated-motor outputs.

  13. The Spinal Cord • Conducts sensory information from the PNS to the brain • Conducts motor information from the brain to our various effectors : skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands • Serves as a minor reflex center

  14. White Matter vs Gray Matter Both the spinal cord and the brain consist of • White matter = bundles of axons each coated with a sheath of myelin • Gray matter = masses of the cell bodies and dendrites-each covered with synapses. In the spinal cord, the white matter is at the surface, the gray matter inside. In the brain of mammals, this pattern is reversed.

  15. The Meninges Both the spinal cord and brain are covered in three continuous sheets of connective tissue, the meninges. From outside in, these are the : • Duramater • The arachnoid • The pia mater The region between the arachnoid and pia mater is filled with cerebospinal fluid (CSF). CSF through the central cerebrospinal canal of the spinal cord and through an interconnected system of four ventricles in the brain.

  16. The Human Brain • Cerebral hemispheres • Diencephalon • Brain stem • Cerebellum

  17. ANATOMI UMUM OTAK

  18. 1. CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES * FRONTAL LOBE * PARIETAL LOBE * OCCIPITAL LOBE * TEMPORAL LOBE

  19. LANJUTAN 2. DIENCEPHALON * THALAMUS * HYPOTHALAMUS * EPITHALAMUS 3. BRAIN STEM * MIDBRAIN * PONS * MEDULLA OBLONGATA 4. CEREBELLUM

  20. The Spinal Cord • CERVICAL = C1 – C8 • THORACIC = T1 – T12 • LUMBAR = L1 – L5 • SACRAL = S1 – S5

  21. ANATOMI SPINAL CORD

  22. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) Berdasarkan anatomi : 1. NERVES : * CRANIAL NERVES * SPINAL NERVES 2. GANGLIA

  23. PNS Berdasarkan fisiologi : A. SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. ORGAN EFEKTOR : OTOT SKELETAL 2. NEUROTRANSMITTER : Ach 3. TIDAK ADA PREGANGLION DAN POSTGANGLION

  24. LANJUTAN B. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. ORGAN EFEKTOR : OTOT POLOS, OTOT JANTUNG DAN KELENJAR 2. NEUROTRANSMITTER : Ach, EPINEPRIN DAN NOREPINEPRIN 3. ADA PREGANGLION DAN POSTGANGLION

  25. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM TERBAGI MENJADI 2 BAGIAN YAITU : 1. SARAF PARASIMPATIS 2. SARAF SIMPATIS

  26. SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

  27. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

  28. The Sympathetic Nervous System The release of noradrenaline/norepinephrine (NE) due to : • Stimulates heartbeat • Raises blood pressure • Dilates the pupils • Dilates the trachea and bronchi • Stimulates the conversion of liver glycogen into glucose • Shunts blood away from the skin and viscera to the skeletal muscles, brain, and heart • Inhibits peristalsis in the GI tract • Inhibits contraction of the bladder and rectum

  29. The Parasympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic stimulation causes : • Slowing down of the heartbeat • Lowering of blood pressure • Constriction of the pupils • Increased blood flow to the skin and viscera • Peristalsis of the GI tract

  30. SIMPATIS

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