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The Family System

The Family System. Chapter 13. Families as the Mediators of Society and Culture. Family Structures. Nuclear Extended Single-Parent NonTraditional Reconstituted (Blended). Changes in Family Structure (U.S. Census Bureau, 1995). Nuclear Families began numerical decline in 1970’s

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The Family System

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  1. The Family System Chapter 13

  2. Families as the Mediators of Society and Culture

  3. Family Structures • Nuclear • Extended • Single-Parent • NonTraditional • Reconstituted (Blended)

  4. Changes in Family Structure(U.S. Census Bureau, 1995) • Nuclear Families began numerical decline in 1970’s • Growth rate of single-parent families was 4%/year. Has leveled off. • 1970 - Avg. family size =3.14 • 1994 - Avg. family size =2.67 • 25.1 million married-couple with children • 11.4 million single parents (9.9 million are mothers • Slight resurgence of large families

  5. The Universal Functions of Parenting • Survival • Economic • Self-Actualization

  6. The Family as a System of Systems • Embedded in Society & Culture • Various Subsystems • Mother-Father • Mother - Child • Child -Father • Child - Child

  7. Functional and Dysfunctional Families

  8. The Functions of Family Members • Mom • Dad • Siblings

  9. Levels of Systems: How Society Influences ChildDevelopment: • Level IV- Society & Culture • Institutions & Media • Level III - Child/Parent Interactions • Level II - Child Personality & Cognitive Characteristics • Level I - Reinforcement & Punishment - • Genetic Make-up & Interactional history

  10. What Happens When the Role is Absent or Changed? • Maternal Employment • Effects of Maternal Employment on the Mother • The Effects of Maternal Employment on the Father • The Effects of Maternal Employment on the Marital Relationship • The Effects of Maternal Employment on the Child • Does the Mother’s Work Role Change Her Role at Home? • Paternal Job Loss • 1. Effects on the Father • Effects on the Father’s Personality • 2. Effects on the Child • Socioemotional Effects • Child Aspirations and Expectations • Physical Health • Maternal Job Loss

  11. Maternal Employment • Effects of Maternal Employment on the Mother • The Effects of Maternal Employment on the Father • The Effects of Maternal Employment on the Marital Relationship • The Effects of Maternal Employment on the Child • Does the Mother’s Work Role Change Her Role at Home?

  12. Paternal Job Loss • 1. Effects on the Father • Effects on the Father’s Personality • 2. Effects on the Child • Socioemotional Effects • Child Aspirations and Expectations • Physical Health • Maternal Job Loss

  13. The Effects of Divorce - Moderating Factors • Child Characteristics • Family Characteristics • Extrafamilial Factors

  14. Child Mediating Factors • Amount of Stress • Temperatment & Personality • Developmental Status • Gender

  15. Family Mediating Characteristics • Amount of Parental Conflict • Economic Conditions • Reaction of Mother to Employment • Remarriage • Child Monitoring • Presence of Caregiving Grandparents

  16. Extrafamilial Mediating Factors • Peers • School Structure

  17. Effects of Divorce On Children

  18. Patterns of Family Discipline • Differing Contingencies in Parental Styles • Setting Events • Differences in Antecedents and Consequences • Parents Differ in The Behaviors They Shape

  19. Parental Discipline Styles(D. Baumrind) • Authoritarian • Low warmth - High Control • Permissive • Low Control - (Ususally) High Warmth • Authoritative • Moderate Warmth - Moderate Control

  20. Effects of Discipline Style on Children • Authoritarian • girls - average social & cognitive • boys - average social - low cognitive • Permissive • girls - low social & cognitive • boys - low social & very low cognitive • Authoritative • girls - very high social & cognitive • boys - high social & cognitive

  21. Children In the Context of Poverty • The Extent of the Problem

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