Advanced Human Trafficking in the State of Texas

1. Advanced Human Trafficking in the State of Texas TCOLE Course #: 3271 UNIT TWO Hosted By Bexar County Constable’s Office PCT#4 Constable Robert M. Blount

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Learning Objective 2.0: The participant will be able to define the difference between sex and labor Human Trafficking Learning Objective 2.1: The participant will be able to identify the two types of Trafficking that comprise human trafficking. Learning Objective 2.2: The participant will be able to define sex trafficking. Learning Objective 2.3: The participant will be able to define labor trafficking. Learning Objective 2.4: The participant will be able to recognize that movement of a victim is not required for human trafficking to occur 2

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Continued Learning Objective 2.5: The participant will be able to identify the differences between human trafficking and smuggling. Learning Objective 2.6: The participant will be able to identify two examples of persons who could be human traffickers. Learning Objective 2.7: The participant will be able to explain exploitation of the victim is a key element in Human Trafficking.

4. UNIT TWO 2.0 HUMAN TRAFFICKING DEFINED 4

5. 2.0 Human trafficking is a new name for slave labor or involuntary servitude. It is an economic enterprise built on a foundation of a living, breathing commodity, humans. This concept makes it extremely profitable as the commodity does not need to be replenished once sold or used

6. 2.0 Human trafficking victims are exploited for commercial sex or labor purposes with the most common involving primarily women being forced to work in the sex industry as a prostitute, exotic dancer or entertainer.

7. 2.0 Children are most often victims of the commercial sex trade, which operates worldwide, along with being forced into armies as combatants, used as domestic servants or in sweatshops. Although most victims of trafficking are women and children, men are also victims

8. 2.0 Men are most often forced to labor in agricultural fields to harvest crops, but may also be forced to work in construction, restaurants, or the sex industry.

9. 2.1 HUMAN TRAFFICKING DEFINED The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) defines trafficking as: a. sextrafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age;

11. 2.1 HUMAN TRAFFICKING DEFINED – Cont’d b. the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery..

13. 2.1 A victim need not be physically transported from one location to another in order for the crime to fall within these definitions.

14. 2.2 Define SEX TRAFFICKING Sex trafficking involves the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person forced to perform such an act is under the age of eighteen years old.

16. 2.3 Define Labor Trafficking Labor trafficking is defined as the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage or slavery.

18. 2.3 Define Labor Trafficking Continued Labor trafficking may arise in situations were exploitation can easily occur, such as domestic servitude, restaurant work, janitorial work, sweatshop factory work, and migrant agricultural work.

20. 2.3 Define Labor Trafficking Continued Although sex-trafficking and labor trafficking has differing definitional elements, both contain three vital components: force, fraud, and coercion. A.Traffickers exploit their victims through the use of force, fraud, or coercion. B.Exploitation is a key element to the crime of human trafficking.

21. 2.4 Movement of victim not required for human trafficking to occur A. The physical movement of the victim is not a prerequisite of human trafficking. B. Trafficking may occur in a home setting, generally with children being trafficked for commercial sex.

22. 2.4 HUMAN TRAFFICKING CONCEPTS • Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery. • Victims of trafficking are exploited for commercial sex or labor purposes. • Traffickers use force, fraud, or coercion to control their victims.

23. 2.4 • Exploitation is a key element to the crime of human trafficking. • The physical movement of the victim is not a prerequisite.

24. 2.5 Differences between human trafficking and smuggling

25. 2.5 Trafficking • Crime or violation against a person • Contains element of coercion (victim cannot consent to enslavement) • Subsequent exploitation (forced labor for debt)

26. 2.5 Trafficking - Continued • Can occur domestically • Trafficked individuals seen as victims

27. 2.5 Smuggling • Crime against the nation’s sovereignty • No coercion, contact ends after entry • Fees paid in advance or upon arrival

28. 2.5 Smuggling Continued • Always international in nature • Individuals making illegal entry are seen as violators or victims

29. 2.5 SUMMARY TRAFFICKING VS SMUGGLING Trafficking • Crime or violation against a person • Contains element of coercion (victim cannot consent to enslavement) • Subsequent exploitation (forced labor for debt) • Can occur domestically • Trafficked individuals seen as victims Smuggling • Crime against the nation’s sovereignty • No coercion, contact ends after entry • Fees paid in advance or upon arrival • Always international in nature • Individuals making illegal entry are seen as violators

30. 2.6 WHO ARE HUMAN TRAFFICKERS? • Friends and family members • Organized criminal groups • local gangs • drug trafficking organizations • Smugglers • Pimps/madams

31. FRESH MEAT

32. 2.6 WHO ARE HUMAN TRAFFICKERS? Continued • Adult entertainment industry • Massage parlor operators • Labor subcontractors

34. 2.7 Exploitation of the victim is a “KEY” element in Human Trafficking A.Vulnerability: The desire for a better life is one of the principle factors that make human trafficking victims vulnerable. Poverty or poor “home” situations are generally considered the main motivators of victims. Victims search for economic opportunities without

35. 2.7 A.Vulnerability - Cont’d:being aware of the potential dangers as they believe false promises of stable employment. The victims are powerless to change their economic situation unless they seek work outside their local area. In the case of domestic minor’s they are generally seeking to escape a family situation they believe is unfit or unfulfilling.

36. 2.7 B.Recruitment: Voluntary vs. Force Trust is a key factor to exploiting victims. The recruiters build trust using promises of profitable work or by establishing themselves as a friend who deeply cares about the victim’s circumstance

38. 2.7 B.Recruitment: Voluntary vs. Force In either case the recruiter uses fraud to exploit the victim into being a trafficked person. Recruitment by force is where the victim is abducted or coerced into being a human trafficking victim.

40. 2.7 C.Exploitation: Exploitation usually begins once the victim is isolated from support networks, either physically or emotionally. Traffickers will seize identification documents and limit the victim’s ability to communicate with anyone other than traffickers. Victims will be told they have incurred a debt that must be

42. 2.7 C.Exploitation – Cont’d: by working under the trafficker’s rules in either a labor or sex trade. Freedom is promised but seldom obtained since the debt will grow as the trafficker provides housing and food for amounts that exceed the victim’s “wages”. Physical and psychological abuse and torture are used to gain the compliance of the victim.

44. 2.7 C.Exploitation – Cont’d: Once compliance is obtained the victim has resolved that their situation will not change until they have met the “terms” of their debt. The abuse becomes a part of the victim’s routine so they come to see it as “normal”. The abuse may include living and working in the same space, loss of personal documents and identity,

45. 2.7 C.Exploitation – Cont’d: crowded conditions with no personal space or belongings and being monitored by guards or surveillance systems. D.Resolution: Resolution may come in several forms; rescue, escape or death

46. 2.7 D.Resolution – Cont’d: Rescue will result in the victims being discovered, extricated and provided the support resources to resume a life they control. Escaping from traffickers is the result of the victim taking advantage of an opportunity to get away but may not provide the victim with the resources to recover, physically or

47. 2.7 D.Resolution – Cont’d: psychologically, into a life better than the one they left. Death for a victim may be the only way out due to factors of location, trafficker’s resources and physical condition of the victim.

48. 2.7 B.Recruitment: Voluntary vs. Force – cont’d: abducted or coerced into being a human trafficking victim.

49. 2.7 STAGES OF VICTIMIZATIONSummary • Vulnerability • Looking for better life • Escape current conditions • Recruitment • Voluntary (fraud) • Forced (force or coercion)

50. 2.7 STAGES OF VICTIMIZATION Continued • Exploitation (physical and psychological) • Resolution • Rescue • Escape • Death