Figure 22–6 A Cladogram of Plant Groups

1. Floweringplants Cone-bearingplants Ferns andtheir relatives Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit Mosses andtheir relatives Seeds Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue Green algaeancestor Figure 22–6  A Cladogram of Plant Groups Section 22-1 Go to Section:

2. Gymnosperms – do not produce flowers or fruits but do produce seeds and have vascular tissue. Pollen– carries sperm cell; is not dependent on water; carried by wind Seed – embryo of a plant; after pollination fertilized egg develops into a seed

3. Most gymnosperms have needles with thick waxy coverings instead of leaves. Needles help gymnosperms conserve water.

4. Seed Plants Gymnosperms and Angiosperms • Gymnosperms – do not produce flowers or fruits but do produce seeds and have vascular tissue. • Largest group of gymnosperms are the conifers. Ex; pine trees White Pines Fur Trees Cypress Trees Conifers are an important source for building materials and paper products

5. Conifers have 2 types of cones; male and female • Male cones produce pollen that carries sperm cells • Female cones produce eggs Seed Cones (female) And Pollen Cones (male)

6. Seed Plants Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Pollination occurs by the wind: not dependent on water • After pollination, the fertilized egg develops into a seed.

9. Seed coat Seed Embryo Wing Storedfood supply Figure 22–19 The Structure of a Seed Section 22-4 B A Go to Section:

10. Cycads

12. Angiosperms: Why are they so successful at poliination?

13. Angiosperms are the most highly successful of all plants. They produce flowers, fruits, and seeds. Because of these adaptations they are the most abundant plants on Earth.

14. Pollination occurs mostly by animals (best adaptation!) • Many angiosperms have mutual relationships with animals like insects, bats, or birds. As animals gather nectar from flowers, they also transfer pollen from flower to flower. Many species are flower specific- only gather nectar from one type of flower. After pollination and fertilization, seeds develop inside protective fruits.

16. Gametophyte generation is very tiny (only a few cells). In gymnosperms and angiosperms it is protected inside seeds and fruits so the young of seed plants tend to survive better. The spores of ferns and mosses must land in a wet habitat. If they do not, they will die. • Sperm does not have to swim thru water- it is carried by wind or animals during pollination. This enables seed plants to live in dryer habitats. It also increases reproductive success. Gametophyte (N) Sporophyte (2N) Seed plants Bryophytes ferns

17. II. Angiosperms – produce flowers, fruits, and seeds and are the most abundant plants on Earth. A. Two main types of angiosperms: Monocots and Dicots

18. 1 seed leaf Two Parallel veins Branched veins Floral parts in multiples of 3 Floral parts in multiplesof 4 or 5 Vascularbundlesscattered Vascularbundles in a ring Fibrous roots Taproot Figure 22–25 Comparison ofMonocots and Dicots Section 22-5 Monocots Dicots Seeds Leaves Flowers Stems Roots Go to Section:

20. Figure 24–5 The Structure of a Flower Stamen Carpel Stigma Anther Style Filament Ovary Petal Ovule Sepal Section 24-1 • I. Carpel – female • a. Stigma – traps pollem • b. Style supports stigma; forms a • pollen tube • c. Ovary – becomes fruit • d. Ovule- becomes seeds • II. Stamen – male • a. Anther- produces pollen • b. Filament- supports anther • III. Petals – attract pollinators • IV. Sepals – protect flower bud while it is developing

21. From flower to fruit Flowers, fruits and seeds…

22. Figure 24–5 The Structure of a Flower Stamen Carpel Stigma Anther Style Filament Ovary Petal Ovule Sepal Section 24-1 • I. Carpel – female • a. Stigma – traps pollen • b. Style supports stigma; forms a pollen tube for sperm to reach egg • c. Ovary – becomes fruit • d. Ovule- eggs that becomes seeds • II. Stamen – male • a. Anther- produces pollen • b. Filament- supports anther • c. pollen – carries sperm • III. Petals – attract pollinators • IV. Sepals – protect flower bud while it is developing

23. Floweringplants Cone-bearingplants Ferns andtheir relatives Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit Mosses andtheir relatives Seeds Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue Green algaeancestor Figure 22–6  A Cladogram of Plant Groups Section 22-1 Go to Section:

24. Floweringplants Cone-bearingplants Ferns andtheir relatives Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit Mosses andtheir relatives Seeds Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue ????????? Figure 22–6  A Cladogram of Plant Groups Section 22-1 What organism do scientist believe all plants evolved from? Green Algae Go to Section:

25. Floweringplants Cone-bearingplants ???? Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit Mosses andtheir relatives Seeds Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue Green algaeancestor Figure 22–6  A Cladogram of Plant Groups Section 22-1 Fern and their relatives First group of plants to evolve vascular tissue? Go to Section:

26. Floweringplants ?????????? Ferns andtheir relatives Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit Mosses andtheir relatives Seeds Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue Green algaeancestor Figure 22–6  A Cladogram of Plant Groups Section 22-1 Gymnosperms What group of plants were the first to evolve seeds? Go to Section:

27. Floweringplants Cone-bearingplants Ferns andtheir relatives Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit Mosses andtheir relatives Seeds Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue Green algaeancestor The Seed ???????????? What characteristic evolved at this point to bring fourth cone-bearing plants?

28. Conifers are found in which of the four groups of plants? Gymnosperms

29. This plant belongs in what group of plants? Bryophyte

30. Fill in the Blank In bryophytes….. Fertilization occurs when ______________ swims thru water to egg – gametophyte forms Sperm

31. How does pollination usually occur in angiosperms? Animals

32. What group of plants does this organism belong? Angiosperms

33. Name the two parts of a plant’s life cycle Gametophyte stage and Sporophyte stage

34. How does pollination occur usually in gymnosperms? By Wind

35. Group of plants that is Seedless but has vascular tissues Ferns

36. Group of Plants that Have Vascular Tissue and Seeds enclosed in a fruit Angiosperms

37. How will this seed be dispersed? Wind

38. Monocot or Dicot? Dicot b/c of the branched veins in the leaf

39. Part of the flower that attracts pollinators Petals

40. The part of the flower that protects the immature flower as a bud Sepals

41. Stamen Male reproductive part of the flower The stamen is made up of two parts

42. Carpel or Pistil The female parts of the flower make up the ____________

43. Carpel or Pistil Stigma

44. Style

45. Ovule

46. Anther

47. What becomes the fruit of a flower after fertilization? The Ovary

48. Waxy covering of a leaf that prevents the leaf from drying out Cuticle

49. Scientist believe that all plants probably evolved from a common ancestor to today’s _____________________ Green Algae

50. A c B d E F