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ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology

ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology. Subphylum Crustacea Part II. Copepods. Barnacles. Ostracods. Branchiura. Tantulocarida. Pentastomida. Mystacocarida. http://www.sacsplash.org/cimages/Copepod.jpg. http://museum.utep.edu/archive/arthropods/ostracod.jpg.

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ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology

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  1. ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology Subphylum Crustacea Part II

  2. Copepods Barnacles Ostracods Branchiura • Tantulocarida • Pentastomida • Mystacocarida http://www.sacsplash.org/cimages/Copepod.jpg http://museum.utep.edu/archive/arthropods/ostracod.jpg http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/images/branchiura3.jpg http://shiftingbaselines.org/blog/Barnacle.jpg Class Maxillopoda • Small crustaceans with a small trunk • Subclasses • Thecostraca* • Copepoda* • Ostracoda* • Branchiura*

  3. http://hthbiotech.sandiegostc.org/boat_channel/animals/w-barnacle.gifhttp://hthbiotech.sandiegostc.org/boat_channel/animals/w-barnacle.gif http://www.dereila.ca/dereilaimages/Gooseneck%20Barnacle.jpg http://www.werc.usgs.gov/news/2003-02-06b.jpg Subclass Thecostraca (Barnacles) • Most sessile • Acorn • Stalked (Gooseneck) • Some Parasitic

  4. http://www.forsea.org/bncle4.gif http://www.mesa.edu.au/friends/seashores/images/barnacle2.jpg http://www.mesa.edu.au/friends/seashores/images/barnacle.gif Subclass Theostraca - Anatomy • Sessile forms • Shell (calcareous plates) for preventing dessiciation and protection • Hermaphrodites • Penis 15X body length

  5. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan99/cypbar.jpg http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan99/naup.jpg Subclass Thecostraca • Development • Nauplius larvae • Cypris larvae

  6. http://www.ambio.bham.ac.uk/images/text%20images/barnacle2.jpghttp://www.ambio.bham.ac.uk/images/text%20images/barnacle2.jpg Subclass Thecostraca • Economic importance

  7. http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/faculty/currie/ocean/gallery/calanoid-copepod.jpghttp://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/faculty/currie/ocean/gallery/calanoid-copepod.jpg Subclass Copepoda • Number of species • ~ 12,000 species • 2nd largest class in Arthropoda (Malocostraca 1st) with respect to number of species • Possibly numerically the most abundant metazoans on earth. • Size • Most small 1-5 mm • Some freeliving up to 17 mm • Parasitic up to 32 cm

  8. Simple Median Eye Caudal Rami http://www.wsg.washington.edu/images/copepod.gif http://www.sahfos.ac.uk/images/education/a_level/Images/Copepod%20morph.jpg Subclass Copepoda – General Anatomy • Single median eye • Distinctive narrowing of body at abdomen • No abdominal appendages • Well developed caudal rami

  9. http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/faculty/currie/ocean/gallery/calanoid-copepod.jpghttp://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/faculty/currie/ocean/gallery/calanoid-copepod.jpg Subclass Copepoda – Calanoid • Live primarily in plankton • both marine and freshwater • 1st pair of uniramous Antennae for propulsion and flotation • In males used to hold female for copulation • 2nd pair of biramous antennae for propulsion • Large oil sac in thorax for flotation and food reserves (often red or blue)

  10. Pareuchaeta norvegica (Foto: Hege Vestheim) http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/images/copepoda03.jpg From Ruppert, Fox and Barnes (2004) Subclass Copepoda – Calanoid • Suspension feeders • 2nd pair of maxilla used for suspension feeding • Few are predators • Few are omnivores Eats juvenile fishes

  11. Tigriopsis californicus Tisbe sp. http://www.fish.washington.edu/people/cordell/images/Tisbe.JPG Swarms over small fish, eats fins then devours the body as it drifts to the bottom http://www.bio.unc.edu/faculty/willett/lab/copepod2.jpg Subclass Copepoda - Harpacticoid • Most epibenthic • most detrivores • some predators • some planktonic forms • Also use large oil sac for flotation and food reserves (often red or blue) • Some predators

  12. Cyclops sp. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/arthropod/cyclops2.jpg Subclass Copepoda - Cyclopoid • Most planktonic • most predators • some suspension feeders

  13. Psychrolutes sp (Fathead fish) Subclass Copepod - Parasites • Ectoparasites • Endoparasites

  14. Cyclops sp. http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/arthropod/cyclops2.jpg Subclass Copepoda • Fertilization is internal • indirect with spermatophore • Males usually smaller than females • Some brood eggs • Some release eggs into sea

  15. http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/phytoplankton/guide/addtl_collections/Microzoops/Images/Copepod-nauplii-BEL.jpghttp://www.serc.si.edu/labs/phytoplankton/guide/addtl_collections/Microzoops/Images/Copepod-nauplii-BEL.jpg http://cyclot.hp.infoseek.co.jp/kenmiji/cyccop2.jpg Subclass Copepoda • Nauplius larva • Copepodid larva • Freshwater forms can create cysts to protect them in winter.

  16. Eye Ostracods http://museum.utep.edu/archive/arthropods/ostracod.jpg Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps) • Found in freshwater and marine • swim or crawl • Most < 1mm • Gigantocypris 25mm • Enclosed in a bivalve shell but not hinged

  17. http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/ostracod.gif Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps) • 1st antennae used for sensory but sometimes digging • Swim (and sometimes walk) with 2nd antennae

  18. http://www.senckenberg.de/images/Templates%20Paul/070305_gigantocypris.jpghttp://www.senckenberg.de/images/Templates%20Paul/070305_gigantocypris.jpg Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps) • Nutrition • Most suspension feeders • some predators or scavengers • Gigantocypris sp is known to feed on fish • some deposit feeders

  19. http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/faculty/DrewesC/htdocs/ostracods-11.jpghttp://www.eeob.iastate.edu/faculty/DrewesC/htdocs/ostracods-11.jpg Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps) • Large fossil record • most extensive of any crustaceans • continuous from Cambrian period

  20. Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps) - Reproduction • Most use bioluminescence to attact mates • Fertilization is internal and direct • some freshwater species are parthenogenic (like the Cladoceran Daphnia) • Nauplius larvae

  21. Suckers http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/v9551e/V9551E38.jpg http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/images/branchiura2.jpg Subclass Branchiura (fish lice) • Ectoparasites • marine and freshwater fish • In Argulus sp, large preoral spine connected to poison glands • Can swim • Copulation occurs on host but eggs deposited elsewhere

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