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Photosynthesis is a crucial biological process through which green plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. It primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight. The process involves two main stages: the light-dependent reactions, which capture energy from sunlight, and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle), which utilize that energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Understanding photosynthesis is vital for appreciating ecosystems and the global carbon cycle.
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