ARE 306 Unit 12

1. ARE 306 Unit 12 Real Property Rights, Limitations & Taxation

2. Easements • Types • Easement appurtenant • dominant tenement/servient tenement • Runs with land • Easement in gross • No dominant tenement • Personal

3. Creation of easements • Express grant in a deed • Reservation in a deed • By prescription (7 or 20 years) • Implied easements • Statutory cartway proceeding

4. Covenants running with the land • Express (restrictive) • Implied

5. Zoning and land use controls • Municipal • Extra territorial • County • Ag exemption • Voluntary agricultural districts

6. Taxation • Obligation • Tax foreclosures • Use valuation

7. Use value taxation • Assessed at current use • Eligible land • Agricultural - 10 or more acres • Horticultural - 5 or more acres • Forest land - 20 or more acres

8. Use value taxation • $1,000 gross income for 3 years (except forest land) • 3 year recapture upon conversion

9. Adverse Possession • Elements • Actual • Open & notorious • Hostile • Continuous (tacking) • Exclusive possession under claim of right for statutory period

10. Adverse Possession • Private land • 20 years - claim of right • 7 years - color of title • State land • 30 years - claim of right • 21 years - color of title • Never • Public trust land • Roads, canals, etc. • Federal land • Torrens system (cf., betterments)

11. Adverse Possession • Policy • Encourage full use of property • Settle boundary disputes

12. Eminent domain