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ACIDS & BASES -Properties -Naming

ACIDS & BASES -Properties -Naming. Properties of Acids. Sour taste Electrolytes – aqueous solutions conduct an electric current React with bases to form water and a salt. ( Neutralization Reaction ) React with most metals to produce H 2 (g) Aci d s turn litmus re d. Electrolyte.

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ACIDS & BASES -Properties -Naming

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  1. ACIDS & BASES-Properties-Naming

  2. Properties of Acids • Sour taste • Electrolytes – aqueous solutions conduct an electric current • React with bases to form water and a salt. (Neutralization Reaction) • React with most metals to produce H2(g) • Acids turn litmus red

  3. Electrolyte • Substance that dissolves in H2O to produce a solution that conducts an electric current. • Acids, bases, & salts are electrolytes – form ions in H2O. NaCl (s) Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) Memory Jogger

  4. Which metals react with acids? • See Table J. • All the metals above H2 react with acids. • Cu, Ag, and Au do not react with acids.

  5. 2HCl + Mg  MgCl2 + H2 • Mg is above H2 in Table J so reaction proceeds. • Single replacement • Redox

  6. Properties of Bases • Bitter taste • Slippery or soapy feeling • Electrolytes • React with acids to produce water and a salt(Neutralization Reaction) • Bases turn litmus blue

  7. Formulas of Acids • General format = HX where X is a nonmetal such as F, Cl, Br, I or X is a negative polyatomic ion (Table E) • Some acids have 2 or 3 H’s • Ex: HF, H2S, H3PO4

  8. Formulas of Bases • General Format = MOH where M is a metal. • Ex: NaOH, Ca(OH)2 • NH3 is the exception – it’s a base, too. • CH3OH is NOT a base. WHY?

  9. NaCl C2H5OH H2SO4 NaOH C6H12O6 CaI2 HF Mg(OH)2 C3H7OH CCl4 HNO3 C5H12 K3PO4 CH3OCH3 LiOH HI (NH4)2SO4 C12H22O11 Identify the Electrolytes NO Yes - S Yes - A NO NO Yes - A Yes - S Yes - B NO NO Yes - B Yes - S Yes - A Yes - A Yes - S Yes - B NO NO

  10. Vocabulary Interlude • Monoprotic Acid – has 1 acidic hydrogen • HCl, HF, HNO3 • Diprotic Acid – has 2 acidic hydrogens • H2SO4 • Triprotic Acid – has 3 acidic hydrogens • H3PO4 • All polyprotic acids ionize in steps

  11. Vocabulary • MonohydroxyBase – has 1 OH- group • DihydroxyBase – has 2 OH- groups • Trihydroxy Base - has 3 OH- groups

  12. Naming Binary Acids • Hydro + stem of nonmetal + ic • HF = ? • HCl = ? • H2S = ?

  13. Naming Ternary Acids • Name is derived from the polyatomic anion (see Table E) • Replace –ite with –ous plus acid HNO2 is nitrous acid • Replace –ate with –ic plus acid HNO3 is nitric acid

  14. Ternary Acids • For polyatomic ions with S and P, they make the stem long again. • H3PO4 = phosphoric acid, not phosphic acid • H2SO4 = sulfuric acid, not sulfic acid • H2SO3 = sulfurous acid, not sulfous acid • SEE TABLE K

  15. Naming Bases • Name the metal + hydroxide • NaOH = ? • Ca(OH)2 = ? • Sr(OH)2 = ?

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